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Related Concept Videos

Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV01:43

Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV

During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...
Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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Pyruvate Oxidation

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Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Simultaneous Measurement of Superoxide/Hydrogen Peroxide and NADH Production by Flavin-containing Mitochondrial Dehydrogenases
08:57

Simultaneous Measurement of Superoxide/Hydrogen Peroxide and NADH Production by Flavin-containing Mitochondrial Dehydrogenases

Published on: February 24, 2018

Cross talk between mitochondria and NADPH oxidases.

Sergey Dikalov1

  • 1Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. sergey.dikalov@vanderbilt.edu

Free Radical Biology & Medicine
|July 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Mitochondria and NADPH oxidases create a vicious cycle of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Targeting this ROS production with mitochondria-targeted antioxidants may treat diseases linked to oxidative stress.

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Simultaneous Measurement of Superoxide/Hydrogen Peroxide and NADH Production by Flavin-containing Mitochondrial Dehydrogenases
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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are crucial in physiological and pathological processes.
  • The interplay between major ROS sources like mitochondria and NADPH oxidases is not fully understood.
  • A feed-forward regulation of ROS sources has been recently observed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current knowledge on the crosstalk between mitochondria and NADPH oxidases in pathophysiological conditions.
  • To explore the potential of targeting this interaction for therapeutic interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of recent findings.
  • Analysis of the role of mitochondria as both ROS sinks and sources.
  • Examination of NADPH oxidase activity modulation by mitochondrial ROS.

Main Results:

  • Mitochondria, rich in antioxidants, typically limit NADPH oxidase activity.
  • Mitochondria can also produce ROS that stimulate NADPH oxidases, forming a vicious cycle.
  • Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants disrupt this cycle, reducing ROS production and NADPH oxidase activity.

Conclusions:

  • The crosstalk between mitochondria and NADPH oxidases represents a pharmacologically targetable feed-forward loop for ROS production.
  • Mitochondria-targeted therapies offer a novel strategy for treating conditions associated with oxidative stress, such as aging, atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension, and neurodegenerative disorders.