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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of Hemostasis01:24

Disorders of Hemostasis

Hemostasis, the process that stops bleeding after a blood vessel injury, is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system. However, disorders of hemostasis can disrupt this delicate balance, leading to either excessive clotting or bleeding. These disorders can be broadly classified into thromboembolic disorders and bleeding disorders.
Thromboembolic Disorders
Two factors primarily cause thromboembolic conditions.
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

Diabetic Retinopathy

DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
Blood Pressure Imbalances and Circulatory Shock01:24

Blood Pressure Imbalances and Circulatory Shock

Disorders affecting blood volume, vascular tone, or vascular function can disrupt vascular homeostasis, including conditions like hypertension, hemorrhage, and shock.
Blood Pressure: Hypertension and Hypotension
Normal blood pressure is 120/80 mm Hg. Elevated blood pressure is 120-129/under 80 mm Hg. Hypertension, warranting treatment at 130/80 mm Hg, is often asymptomatic and can lead to severe cardiovascular events, aneurysms, peripheral arterial disease, chronic renal disease, or cardiac...
Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
Disorders of Erythrocytes01:27

Disorders of Erythrocytes

Disorders of erythrocytes, or red blood cells (RBCs), include a range of conditions affecting their number, shape, or function.
Erythrocyte disorders can be broadly categorized into two main types: anemic and polycythemic conditions.
A low oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood due to the loss, lower production, or destruction of erythrocytes is termed anemia. Hemorrhagic anemia, for example, occurs when bleeding from an external wound or internal ulcer reduces erythrocyte counts.
On the other...

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Updated: May 30, 2026

Endothelialized Microfluidics for Studying Microvascular Interactions in Hematologic Diseases
11:08

Endothelialized Microfluidics for Studying Microvascular Interactions in Hematologic Diseases

Published on: June 22, 2012

Hemorheology and microvascular disorders.

Young-Il Cho1, Daniel J Cho

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Drexel University Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Korean Circulation Journal
|July 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Blood rheology impacts microvascular health, unlike in large arteries. Elevated erythrocyte attractive forces, or yield stress, impair tissue perfusion and indicate microvascular disorder risk.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Biophysics
  • Hemodynamics

Background:

  • Blood flow dynamics differ significantly between large arteries and microvessels.
  • Inertial forces dominate arterial flow, while viscous forces govern microvascular flow.
  • Endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis can be initiated by flow alterations at arterial bifurcations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review fundamental concepts of blood rheology in the context of vascular diseases.
  • To propose a method for determining microvascular shear stress.
  • To highlight yield stress as a potential biomarker for microvascular disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Review of blood rheology principles and their relation to vascular disease.
  • Application of a force-balance approach for microvascular shear stress calculation.
Keywords:
Angina, microvascularBlood viscosityHemorheology

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  • Utilizing the Casson model to describe the relationship between yield stress and diastolic blood viscosity.

    • Main Results:

    • Microvascular flow is characterized by low Reynolds numbers and dominance of viscous forces.
    • Impaired tissue perfusion and capillary loss occur when erythrocyte attractive forces exceed microvascular shear stress.
    • Specific thresholds of diastolic blood viscosity (DBV) indicate a high risk for microvascular disorders.

    Conclusions:

    • Yield stress is a promising fluid dynamic biomarker for diagnosing microvascular disorders.
    • Understanding blood rheology, particularly yield stress and DBV, is crucial for assessing microvascular health.
    • The Casson model provides a framework for identifying high-risk DBV thresholds for microvascular disease.