Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 30, 2026
12:52
Propagation of Homalodisca coagulata virus-01 via Homalodisca vitripennis Cell Culture
Published on: September 25, 2014
The grapevine-infecting vitiviruses, with particular reference to grapevine virus A
Jacques du Preez1, Dirk Stephan, Munir Mawassi
1The Vitis Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
Archives of Virology
|July 23, 2011
Summary
Vitiviruses impact grapevine, a vital fruit crop, but their disease role is unclear. This review covers vitivirus taxonomy, grapevine virus A (GVA) genetics, and new research on GVA, diagnostics, and vectors.
Area of Science:
- Plant Virology
- Molecular Biology
- Horticultural Science
Background:
- Vitiviruses are a genus of plant viruses that infect grapevine, the most important fruit crop globally.
- The etiological role of vitiviruses in grapevine diseases is not fully understood, despite their association with known and emerging diseases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive review of the genus Vitivirus, focusing on grapevine virus A (GVA).
- To discuss recent advancements in vitivirus research, including taxonomy, genome organization, replication, genetic variability, and diagnostics.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of existing research on vitiviruses and GVA.
- Analysis of genomic and molecular data related to GVA and other vitiviruses.
- Summary of recent findings on vitivirus-based vectors and diagnostics.
Main Results:
- Grapevine virus A (GVA) is the most prevalent vitivirus, with detailed insights into its genome, replication, and variability.
- Identification of a new vitivirus, GVE, and a unique GVA-induced host protein, VIGG.
- Characterization of novel genetic elements within the GVA genome and progress in diagnostic methods.
Conclusions:
- Vitiviruses, particularly GVA, represent a significant area of study in grapevine pathology.
- Ongoing research is clarifying the molecular mechanisms and genetic diversity of vitiviruses, improving diagnostics and exploring potential applications.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:29Subviral Agents
Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...
01:29Viruses of Archaea
Archaeal viruses play a crucial role in the ecosystems of extremophilic archaea, particularly those belonging to the phyla Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota. By shaping host evolution and facilitating gene transfer, these viruses influence microbial communities and contribute to genetic diversity in extreme environments. The archaea they infect thrive in acidic hot springs and hydrothermal vents characterized by high temperatures and low pH. Archaeal viruses exhibit remarkable structural...
01:25Inhibitors Of Virion Release
Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...
01:23Bacteriophages of the Human Virome
Bacteriophages are found throughout the human body. They may even outnumber eukaryotic viruses, forming an important and dynamic component of the human virome. Indeed, phages represent the most abundant viral entities, with densities in the gut reaching up to 10⁹ particles per gram of fecal matter, and many belonging to orders such as Caudovirales and Microviridae, while a substantial proportion remains unclassified as viral “dark matter.”Lysogeny and Genetic ExchangeIn the gut, bacteriophages...
01:29Viruses with RNA Genomes
RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
01:28Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction
Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...