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DNA as a Genetic Template

DNA as a Genetic Template

Two structural features of the DNA molecule provide a basis for the mechanisms of heredity: the four nucleotide bases and its double-stranded nature. The Watson-Crick model of double-helical DNA structure, proposed in 1952, drew heavily upon the X-ray crystallography work of researchers Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in 1962. Franklin was, controversially, excluded from the prize for...

DNA as a Genetic Template

DNA as a Genetic Template

Two structural features of the DNA molecule provide a basis for the mechanisms of heredity: the four nucleotide bases and its double-stranded nature. The Watson-Crick model of double-helical DNA structure, proposed in 1952, drew heavily upon the X-ray crystallography work of researchers Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in 1962. Franklin was, controversially, excluded from the prize for...

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.

Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes

Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes

The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
Genomic Diversity in Bacteria
Although bacterial genomes are much...

DNA Microarrays

DNA Microarrays

Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...

Genetic Material

Genetic Material

Within the human body, a complex and detailed system of trillions of cells works in unison to sustain life. Each cell houses a nucleus, which contains 46 chromosomes divided into 23 pairs. Chromosomes are highly coiled structures made of the genetic material DNA. These chromosomes are essential carriers of genetic information, with half inherited from the mother through her egg and the other half from the father's sperm, combining to create the unique genetic makeup of an individual.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Analyzing and Building Nucleic Acid Structures with 3DNA

Analyzing and Building Nucleic Acid Structures with 3DNA

Published on: April 26, 2013

[New coarse-grained DNA model].

I P Kikot', A V Savin, E A Zubova

|July 27, 2011

Summary

A new coarse-grained model accurately simulates DNA structure and mechanics at low and room temperatures. This computational tool aids in understanding DNA fragment interactions over microsecond timescales.

Area of Science:

Computational biology
Molecular modeling
Biophysics

Context:

Understanding DNA structure and dynamics is crucial in molecular biology.
Existing all-atomic models are computationally intensive for large DNA fragments and long timescales.
A need exists for efficient models that capture essential DNA behavior.

Purpose:

To develop and validate a novel coarse-grained model for the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule.
To assess the model's accuracy in reproducing DNA structure and mechanical properties.
To evaluate the model's applicability for simulating DNA fragments and their interactions.

Summary:

A new coarse-grained DNA model was developed from an all-atomic model analysis.
The model effectively reproduces DNA structure at low and room temperatures.

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Structure-Based Simulation and Sampling of Transcription Factor Protein Movements along DNA from Atomic-Scale Stepping to Coarse-Grained Diffusion

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Hi-C: A Method to Study the Three-dimensional Architecture of Genomes.

Hi-C: A Method to Study the Three-dimensional Architecture of Genomes.

Published on: May 6, 2010

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Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Analyzing and Building Nucleic Acid Structures with 3DNA

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Published on: April 26, 2013

Structure-Based Simulation and Sampling of Transcription Factor Protein Movements along DNA from Atomic-Scale Stepping to Coarse-Grained Diffusion

Structure-Based Simulation and Sampling of Transcription Factor Protein Movements along DNA from Atomic-Scale Stepping to Coarse-Grained Diffusion

Published on: March 1, 2022

Hi-C: A Method to Study the Three-dimensional Architecture of Genomes.

Hi-C: A Method to Study the Three-dimensional Architecture of Genomes.

Published on: May 6, 2010

Calculated Young's and torsion moduli closely match experimental and theoretical data.

Impact:

Enables simulation of DNA fragments (hundreds of base pairs) over microsecond timescales.
Facilitates the study of DNA interactions with other molecular structures.
Provides a computationally efficient tool for biophysical and molecular biology research.