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Related Concept Videos

Quality of Water01:19

Quality of Water

In concrete preparation, the quality of water is paramount as it affects the strength and durability of the concrete. Potable water is usually preferred; however, it must not have excessive sodium or potassium to prevent compromising the concrete's integrity. Water quality is typically evaluated based on impurities such as dissolved solids, chlorides, and sulfates, and its pH value is ideally between 6 and 8. Even slightly acidic natural water may be acceptable unless it contains harmful...
Minerals01:26

Minerals

Minerals are essential nutrients that the human body needs in small amounts to work properly. They play a vital role in many bodily functions, such as building strong bones and transmitting nerve impulses. Some minerals are needed for hormone production or to maintain a normal heartbeat. Major minerals include calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium, while trace minerals include iron, manganese, copper, iodine, zinc, cobalt, fluoride, and selenium.
Testing Water Quality01:14

Testing Water Quality

When the quality of water for concrete preparation is uncertain, its impact on the setting time of cement and compressive strength of mortar is assessed by comparison with de-ionized or distilled water benchmarks. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) C1602 requires the setting times to be within 90 minutes of the control, British Standard (BS) 3146:1980 allows a 30-minute variance in the initial setting, while British Standards European Norm (BS EN) 1008 specifies initial setting...
Drug Concentrations: Measurements01:23

Drug Concentrations: Measurements

Drug concentration is the quantity of a drug present in a biological sample. Measuring drug amounts in biological samples allows the clinician to understand how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted. Samples can be obtained through invasive or non-invasive methods. Invasive techniques involve surgical or parenteral interventions to gather blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or tissue biopsy. Conversely, non-invasive approaches provide samples like urine, feces, and saliva.
Plasma —...
pH01:24

pH

The potential of hydrogen (pH) is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a water-based solution determined by the concentration of hydronium ions (H3O+). In one liter of pure water at neutral pH, there are 1×10−7 moles of hydronium ions. However, the extensive range of hydronium ion concentrations present in water-based solutions makes measuring pH in moles cumbersome. Therefore, a pH scale was developed to convert moles of hydronium ions into the negative logarithm of the hydronium ion...
Factors Affecting Solubility04:01

Factors Affecting Solubility

Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:

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TD-DFT Guided Advanced E-Eye Sensing Technique for On-site Quantification of Fe, Cr, F, and As in the Environmental, Biological, and Food Samples
09:51

TD-DFT Guided Advanced E-Eye Sensing Technique for On-site Quantification of Fe, Cr, F, and As in the Environmental, Biological, and Food Samples

Published on: September 19, 2025

Drinking water quality and fluoride concentration.

Paulo Frazão1, Marco A Peres, Jaime A Cury

  • 1Departamento de Prática de Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.

Revista De Saude Publica
|July 27, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brazilian drinking water fluoride levels require revision. Optimal levels for dental caries prevention range from 0.6 to 0.9 mg F/l, with higher concentrations posing risks, especially for young children.

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Glass Wool Filters for Concentrating Waterborne Viruses and Agricultural Zoonotic Pathogens
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Glass Wool Filters for Concentrating Waterborne Viruses and Agricultural Zoonotic Pathogens

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TD-DFT Guided Advanced E-Eye Sensing Technique for On-site Quantification of Fe, Cr, F, and As in the Environmental, Biological, and Food Samples
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Glass Wool Filters for Concentrating Waterborne Viruses and Agricultural Zoonotic Pathogens
08:01

Glass Wool Filters for Concentrating Waterborne Viruses and Agricultural Zoonotic Pathogens

Published on: March 3, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Public Health Policy
  • Dental Public Health

Background:

  • Fluoride in drinking water offers dental caries prevention benefits but poses health risks at higher concentrations.
  • Brazilian legislation (Ordinance 635/75) regarding water fluoridation needs scientific re-evaluation.
  • Climate, particularly temperature, influences optimal fluoride levels for public water supplies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze fluoride concentration in drinking water, balancing health benefits and risks.
  • To provide scientific evidence for updating Brazilian fluoride legislation.
  • To assess the suitability of current fluoride levels in public water supplies considering climate.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of scientific studies.
  • Analysis of official government documents and legislation.
  • Examination of meteorological data from Brazilian state capitals.

Main Results:

  • Recommended fluoride levels for dental caries prevention in Brazil range from 0.6 to 0.9 mg F/l.
  • Natural fluoride concentrations up to 1.5 mg F/l are tolerated if cost-effective removal technology is unavailable.
  • Water with fluoride concentration > 0.9 mg F/l poses a risk to dentition in children under eight years old.

Conclusions:

  • Ordinance 635/75 requires revision due to the expansion of water fluoridation programs into tropical climates.
  • Consumers must be informed about the risks associated with elevated fluoride intake (> 0.9 mg F/l).
  • Updated legislation should consider temperature variations and the specific health risks for vulnerable populations.