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Binding affinity of surface functionalized gold nanoparticles to hydroxyapatite.

Ryan D Ross¹, Ryan K Roeder

¹Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA.

Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part A

|July 28, 2011

Summary

Gold nanoparticles functionalized with bisphosphonates show the strongest binding to hydroxyapatite, indicating potential for targeted delivery to calcified bone tissue. This research explores novel nanoparticle applications in bone targeting.

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Nanotechnology
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) are versatile for biomedical uses like drug delivery and diagnostics.
Targeting calcified tissues, such as bone, requires surface modifications on Au NPs for calcium affinity.
Hydroxyapatite (HA) serves as an in vitro model for bone mineral in binding studies.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the binding affinity of functionalized gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) to hydroxyapatite (HA) for targeted bone delivery.
To compare the binding kinetics and affinity of Au NPs functionalized with L-glutamic acid, 2-aminoethylphosphonic acid, and alendronate.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of 10-15 nm Au NPs.
Surface functionalization of Au NPs with L-glutamic acid (carboxylate), 2-aminoethylphosphonic acid (phosphonate), and alendronate (bisphosphonate).

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In vitro binding studies using HA crystals in de-ionized water and fetal bovine serum.

Determination of binding kinetics and equilibrium binding constants via Langmuir isotherms.

Main Results:

Bisphosphonate-functionalized Au NPs demonstrated the most rapid binding kinetics and highest binding affinity to HA.
Binding affinity order was bisphosphonate > L-glutamic acid (carboxylate) > 2-aminoethylphosphonic acid (phosphonate).
All functional groups achieved complete binding within 24 hours, with equilibrium constants of 3.40, 0.69, and 0.25 mg/L, respectively.
Binding was generally lower in fetal bovine serum than in de-ionized water, but relative differences between functional groups persisted.

Conclusions:

Alendronate (bisphosphonate) functionalization is most effective for targeting Au NPs to bone mineral (HA) in vitro.
Functionalized Au NPs show promise for targeted delivery to calcified tissues.
Further investigation is warranted to assess performance in physiological conditions.