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[Update in joint reconstructive surgery of the knee]
José Manuel Aguilera Zepeda1, Gerardo Gutiérrez Sevilla, Javier Pérez Domenech
1División de Enfermedades Articulares. Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación. México DF. México.
Reumatologia Clinica
|July 29, 2011
Summary
Knee reconstruction surgery addresses mechanical axis issues, injuries, and osteoarthritis. While procedures like osteotomy and knee replacement aim to improve patient conditions, they are not curative and have limitations.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedic surgery
- Biomechanics
- Degenerative joint disease
Context:
- Knee joint reconstruction is necessitated by mechanical axis malalignment, traumatic injuries, and osteoarthritis.
- Surgical options vary based on the severity of knee joint alteration.
Purpose:
- To outline the spectrum of surgical interventions for knee reconstruction.
- To discuss the indications and limitations of various knee surgical procedures.
Summary:
- Surgical interventions for knee reconstruction include arthroscopy, osteotomy, and knee prostheses (partial or total).
- The choice of procedure is dictated by the specific type and degree of knee lesion.
- Current treatments, including total knee arthroplasty, aim to manage symptoms and slow degeneration, rather than provide a definitive cure, due to inherent limitations like wear and loosening.
Impact:
- Highlights the palliative nature of current knee surgical treatments for osteoarthritis.
- Emphasizes that even total knee arthroplasty is a temporary solution with a limited lifespan.
Related Concept Videos
01:23Knee Joint
The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...
01:10Ankle Joint
The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
01:16Structural Joints: Synovial Joints
Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
01:07Development of the Limb Synovial Joints
Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
01:27Fractures: Bone Repair
Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the procedure...
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the procedure...