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Automatic selective attention as a function of sensory modality in aging.

Maria J S Guerreiro1, Jos J Adam, Pascal W M Van Gerven

  • 1Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, The Netherlands. m.desousaguerreiro@maastrichtuniversity.nl

The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences
|July 30, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Age differences in automatic selective attention were examined across sensory modalities. Findings indicate that automatic spatial cueing effects, including facilitation and inhibition of return, are not influenced by age.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Development

Background:

  • A recent hypothesis suggests age-related differences in selective attention are modality-dependent.
  • This hypothesis has not been previously tested in the context of automatic selective attention.
  • Automatic selective attention involves processes that occur without conscious control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related differences in automatic spatial cueing effects across different sensory modalities.
  • To test the modality hypothesis within automatic selective attention.
  • To examine facilitation and inhibition of return (IOR) in younger and older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty younger (mean age 22.4) and 25 older adults (mean age 68.8) participated.
  • Participants performed target localization tasks using visual and auditory cues and targets.
  • Stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) of 100, 500, 1000, and 1500 ms were employed.

Main Results:

  • Facilitation was observed in auditory unimodal and cross-modal tasks, but not visual unimodal tasks.
  • Inhibition of return (IOR) occurred in both unimodal tasks but not in cross-modal tasks.
  • Crucially, these spatial cueing effects were found to be independent of participant age.

Conclusions:

  • The modality hypothesis of age-related differences in selective attention does not appear to apply to automatic processes.
  • Automatic spatial cueing mechanisms show resilience to age-related changes.
  • Future research should explore other factors influencing age-related selective attention.