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Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems01:18

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) enable the controlled release of drugs across the skin into systemic circulation. They are particularly advantageous for drugs with short half-lives or narrow therapeutic indices, as they maintain consistent plasma concentrations and reduce the risk of subtherapeutic or toxic levels.TDDS are categorized into monolithic, reservoir, and mixed systems. Monolithic systems embed the drug in a polymer matrix, where diffusion governs release. Reservoir systems...
Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted01:24

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted

Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
Vaccine Production01:23

Vaccine Production

Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...

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Updated: May 30, 2026

Skin Tattooing As A Novel Approach For DNA Vaccine Delivery
06:37

Skin Tattooing As A Novel Approach For DNA Vaccine Delivery

Published on: October 18, 2012

Enabling skin vaccination using new delivery technologies.

Yeu-Chun Kim1, Mark R Prausnitz

  • 1School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.

Drug Delivery and Translational Research
|July 30, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New delivery technologies enable simple and reliable skin vaccination. These methods enhance vaccine immunogenicity and improve vaccination speed and coverage, making the skin an ideal vaccination site.

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Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Skin Tattooing As A Novel Approach For DNA Vaccine Delivery
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09:42

Development of an Economical DNA Delivery System by "Acufection" and its Application to Skin Research

Published on: April 19, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • The skin is a highly immunogenic site, ideal for vaccination.
  • Conventional intradermal injection methods are often difficult and unreliable.
  • Few vaccines currently target the skin due to delivery challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review novel and adapted technologies for skin vaccine delivery.
  • To highlight the potential of these technologies in improving vaccination efficacy and logistics.

Main Methods:

  • Non-invasive methods: jet injection, patches with skin abrasion, thermal ablation, ultrasound, electroporation, chemical enhancers.
  • Minimally invasive methods: microneedle patches (solid and hollow), tattoo guns.
  • Evaluation of delivery technologies for skin vaccination.

Main Results:

  • Advanced delivery technologies facilitate reliable vaccine administration to the skin.
  • These methods offer improved vaccine immunogenicity compared to conventional approaches.
  • Logistical advantages include increased speed and coverage for vaccination campaigns.

Conclusions:

  • New skin delivery technologies can transform vaccination practices.
  • The skin is poised to become a primary, efficient site for vaccine administration.
  • These innovations promise enhanced public health outcomes through improved vaccination strategies.