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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Isolation of Whole Cell Protein Lysates from Mouse Facial Processes and Cultured Palatal Mesenchyme Cells for Phosphoprotein Analysis

Isolation of Whole Cell Protein Lysates from Mouse Facial Processes and Cultured Palatal Mesenchyme Cells for Phosphoprotein Analysis

Published on: April 1, 2022

Gli proteins in development and disease.

Chi-Chung Hui¹, Stephane Angers

¹Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada. cchui@sickkids.ca

Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology

|August 2, 2011

Summary

Gli proteins are key transcription factors regulated by Hedgehog signaling. Their dysregulation contributes to congenital malformations and cancer, involving complex posttranslational modifications and signaling pathways.

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Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Isolation of Whole Cell Protein Lysates from Mouse Facial Processes and Cultured Palatal Mesenchyme Cells for Phosphoprotein Analysis

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Published on: April 1, 2022

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Light-mediated Reversible Modulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway during Cell Differentiation and Xenopus Embryonic Development

Light-mediated Reversible Modulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway during Cell Differentiation and Xenopus Embryonic Development

Published on: June 15, 2017

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Developmental Biology
Cancer Biology

Background:

Gli proteins are transcription factors crucial for Hedgehog signaling, a pathway implicated in development and disease.
Mutations and aberrant regulation of Gli proteins are linked to human congenital malformations and tumorigenesis.
Hedgehog signaling controls Gli protein activity through posttranslational modifications and nucleocytoplasmic transport.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the intricate regulation of Gli proteins during embryonic development.
To explore the mechanisms underlying the abnormal activation of Gli proteins in tumorigenesis.
To highlight both canonical Hedgehog-dependent and noncanonical regulatory pathways.

Main Methods:

Literature review of genetic studies and molecular mechanisms.
Analysis of posttranslational modifications affecting Gli protein activity.
Investigation of the role of primary cilia and core regulators like Suppressor of fused and Kif7.

Main Results:

Gli protein activity is tightly controlled by Hedgehog signaling via phosphorylation, degradation, and processing.
Primary cilia in vertebrate cells are essential for sensing Hedgehog pathway activity and Gli protein activation.
Noncanonical mechanisms, independent of Hedgehog signaling, also contribute to Gli protein regulation.

Conclusions:

Understanding Gli protein regulation is vital for deciphering developmental processes and disease pathogenesis.
Aberrant Gli activation through various mechanisms drives tumorigenesis.
Further research into both canonical and noncanonical pathways is necessary for therapeutic strategies.