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Related Experiment Videos

Tricyclic antidepressant toxicosis.

L R Johnson1

  • 1Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign College of Veterinary Medicine.

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Small Animal Practice
|March 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) overdoses in pets are common and can be fatal, affecting multiple body systems. Prompt veterinary treatment, including supportive care and sodium bicarbonate, is crucial for survival.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Toxicology
  • Small Animal Medicine
  • Cardiovascular Pharmacology

Background:

  • Accidental tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) ingestions are a frequent occurrence in companion animals.
  • Over 450 cases reported to the IAPIC in the last 4 years highlight the prevalence of TCA toxicosis.
  • A significant mortality rate of at least 7% underscores the severity of these poisonings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the clinical effects of tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) overdoses in companion animals.
  • To detail the critical treatment protocols for managing TCA toxicosis in pets.
  • To emphasize the importance of timely and appropriate veterinary intervention.

Main Methods:

  • Review of over 450 reported cases of tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) ingestions in companion animals.
  • Analysis of clinical signs, mortality rates, and treatment outcomes.
  • Description of life-supportive measures, detoxification techniques, and specific antidotal therapies.

Main Results:

  • Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) overdoses severely impact the cardiovascular, parasympathetic, and central nervous systems.
  • Ventricular arrhythmias and severe hypotension are the primary causes of death.
  • Animals ingesting potentially lethal doses (>15 mg/kg) can succumb within 1-2 hours without prompt treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Immediate veterinary care is essential for managing tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) toxicosis in companion animals.
  • Treatment involves supportive care, detoxification (e.g., activated charcoal), and intravenous sodium bicarbonate to manage cardiac and acid-base abnormalities.
  • Repeated administration of activated charcoal and close monitoring are vital for successful recovery.

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