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Contextual and Cued Fear Conditioning Test Using a Video Analyzing System in Mice
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Localization of Contextual and Context Removed Auditory Fear Memory within the Basolateral Amygdala Complex.

N Chaaya1, A Jacques1, A Belmer2

  • 1School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology at Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.

Neuroscience
|December 16, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Contextual fear memories activate the basolateral amygdala complex (BLC) differently based on context. Standard auditory fear conditioning protocols increase BLC activity due to background contextual fear.

Keywords:
fear conditioningimmediate early geneslateral amygdalamemory allocationthreat conditioningtopography

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Neuroscience
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • Debilitating fear memories form rapidly after trauma in humans.
  • Pavlovian fear conditioning is a model for studying fear memory formation in animals.
  • The basolateral amygdala complex (BLC) is crucial for fear memory processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the involvement of the basolateral amygdala complex (BLC) in different types of fear memories.
  • To differentiate the neural activation patterns associated with contextual fear memories versus auditory fear memories.
  • To assess the impact of background contextual fear on BLC activity during auditory fear conditioning.

Main Methods:

  • Fear memories were induced using contextual fear conditioning (CFC) and an adjusted auditory fear conditioning protocol in rodents.
  • Immunofluorescent labeling was used to identify neurons expressing immediate early genes (IEGs) as a marker of neural activity.
  • Behavioral responses (freezing) were measured to assess fear memory recall.

Main Results:

  • Both CFC protocols induced similar levels of freezing behavior.
  • Contextual fear memories led to distinct patterns of increased IEG expression in the BLC.
  • The adjusted auditory fear conditioning protocol, which minimized contextual fear, showed reduced BLC IEG expression compared to CFC.
  • Auditory fear memories were formed without significant contextual fear, indicating successful isolation of auditory fear memory.

Conclusions:

  • Contextual fear memories, even from slightly different contexts, elicit unique BLC activation patterns.
  • Background contextual fear significantly contributes to increased BLC activation in standard auditory fear conditioning protocols.
  • Isolating specific fear memory types, like auditory fear, reveals distinct neural correlates in the BLC.