Micropenis.

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Urology
• Pediatric Endocrinology

Background:

• Micropenis is defined by penile size, differentiating it from webbed or buried penis conditions.
• The primary cause is typically a defect in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.
• Iatrogenic causes are less common but recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

• To differentiate micropenis from other inconspicuous penis conditions.
• To outline current management strategies for micropenis.
• To review treatment outcomes and patient satisfaction.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on micropenis diagnosis and management.
• Analysis of hormonal axis defects contributing to micropenis.
• Evaluation of treatment efficacy, including testosterone therapy and reconstructive surgery.

Main Results:

• Testosterone administration shows promising results for increasing penile length.
• Reconstructive surgery using vascular pedicle free flaps is reserved for non-responders to hormonal treatment.
• Adult patients often report dissatisfaction with appearance, yet generally maintain adequate sexual function.

Conclusions:

• Micropenis management primarily involves hormonal therapy, with surgery as a salvage option.
• While penile length can improve, patient satisfaction with appearance remains a concern.
• Further long-term data is needed to fully understand outcomes.