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Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, primarily targeting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission. Infection begins when aerosolized droplet nuclei, expelled by an individual with active TB, are inhaled by another person. These microscopic particles carry Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. Upon reaching the alveoli, the bacilli are engulfed by alveolar macrophages. However, due to their specialized lipid-rich cell wall, these pathogens...

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

A Retrospective Study on Endoscopic Surgery for the Treatment of Paravertebral Abscess in Spinal Tuberculosis Patients

A Retrospective Study on Endoscopic Surgery for the Treatment of Paravertebral Abscess in Spinal Tuberculosis Patients

Published on: October 25, 2024

Tuberculosis of the knee.

Surjit Lidder¹, Kathryn Lang, Mallick Haroon

¹Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Mandeville Road, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire;

Orthopedic Reviews

|August 3, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Tuberculosis rarely affects the knee, but this case highlights a severe, erosive form in a Vietnamese woman. Early diagnosis and tailored treatment are crucial for managing this rare extrapulmonary tuberculosis presentation.

Keywords:

arthroscopy.infectious arthritis knee tuberculosis

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

A Retrospective Study on Endoscopic Surgery for the Treatment of Paravertebral Abscess in Spinal Tuberculosis Patients

A Retrospective Study on Endoscopic Surgery for the Treatment of Paravertebral Abscess in Spinal Tuberculosis Patients

Published on: October 25, 2024

Area of Science:

Orthopedics
Infectious Diseases
Rheumatology

Background:

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is less common than pulmonary TB, with skeletal involvement occurring in a minority of cases.
Among skeletal TB, spinal and hip involvement are most frequent, with knee TB being relatively rare.
Tuberculosis of the knee joint is an uncommon manifestation of extrapulmonary TB.

Observation:

A previously healthy Vietnamese woman presented with a highly erosive form of isolated knee tuberculosis.
The clinical presentation mimicked other destructive arthropathies, posing diagnostic challenges.
Imaging and synovial biopsy were essential for confirming the diagnosis.

Findings:

The case underscores the potential for severe joint destruction from isolated knee TB.
Diagnosis can be delayed due to the rarity and non-specific initial symptoms of knee TB.
Successful management involved a combination of chemotherapy and surgical intervention.

Implications:

This case emphasizes the importance of considering TB in the differential diagnosis of destructive knee arthritis, especially in endemic populations.
Optimal management requires a multidisciplinary approach, integrating infectious disease expertise with orthopedic surgical care.
Further research into diagnostic markers and treatment protocols for skeletal TB is warranted.