Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 30, 2026
09:38
A Microfluidic Flow Chamber Model for Platelet Transfusion and Hemostasis Measures Platelet Deposition and Fibrin Formation in Real-time
Published on: February 14, 2017
Developmental hemostasis: primary hemostasis and evaluation of platelet function in neonates
T Strauss1, R Sidlik-Muskatel, G Kenet
1Neonatology and Pediatric Departments of the Safra Children's Hospital, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
|August 4, 2011
Summary
Neonatal platelets show reduced responsiveness, impacting hemostasis. Platelet function improves with gestational age, though challenges remain in assessing primary hemostasis in newborns.
Area of Science:
- Neonatal hemostasis and coagulation
- Platelet physiology and function
- Developmental biology in neonates
Background:
- Hemostasis involves coagulation proteins that increase with gestational age.
- Neonates have a balanced bleeding risk due to coagulation inhibitor deficiencies.
- Assessing coagulation disorders in infants is complex due to small blood volumes and age-specific results.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review platelet function and its development in premature and term neonates.
- To discuss challenges in laboratory assessment of neonatal hemostasis.
- To explore platelet hyporesponsiveness and its correlation with gestational age.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on platelet function assays.
- Analysis of platelet aggregation studies and flow cytometry.
- Evaluation of whole-blood-based platelet function assays.
Main Results:
- Neonatal platelets exhibit hyporesponsiveness compared to adults.
- Platelet function assays show progressive improvement in clot formation with gestational age.
- Data correlating platelet function with gestational age is limited.
Conclusions:
- Laboratory assessment of primary hemostasis in neonates is challenging.
- Neonatal platelet hyporesponsiveness is a key feature, though its clinical significance requires further study.
- Understanding platelet development is crucial for managing hemostasis in neonates.
Related Concept Videos
01:22Formation of the Platelet Plug
The platelet phase, the second stage of hemostasis, commences around 15-20 seconds after an injury. It follows and overlaps with the vascular phase, during which blood vessels constrict to minimize blood loss.
As the injured blood vessel contracts, endothelial cells undergo contraction, revealing collagen fibers in the basement membrane and underlying connective tissue. Furthermore, the plasma membrane of endothelial cells becomes adhesive, preparing the site for platelet adhesion. Platelets...
As the injured blood vessel contracts, endothelial cells undergo contraction, revealing collagen fibers in the basement membrane and underlying connective tissue. Furthermore, the plasma membrane of endothelial cells becomes adhesive, preparing the site for platelet adhesion. Platelets...
01:05Introduction to Hemostasis
Hemostasis is a complex physiological process that prevents excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. It's crucial for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system, as it ensures that our blood remains fluid while still within the vascular network and yet clots to prevent blood loss upon vessel injury.
The three phases of hemostasis involve many clotting factors present in plasma and several substances released by platelets and injured tissue cells. It is a fast, localized, and...
The three phases of hemostasis involve many clotting factors present in plasma and several substances released by platelets and injured tissue cells. It is a fast, localized, and...
01:18Structure and Function of Platelets
The cell fragments known as platelets are disc-shaped, with an average diameter of about 3 μm and a thickness of roughly 1 μm. They play a crucial role in the body's vascular clotting system, which also involves plasma proteins, blood cells, and blood vessel tissues.
Platelets are continually replenished, circulating in the bloodstream for 9-12 days before being removed by phagocytes, primarily in the spleen. A microliter of circulating blood contains between 150,000 and 450,000 platelets, with...
Platelets are continually replenished, circulating in the bloodstream for 9-12 days before being removed by phagocytes, primarily in the spleen. A microliter of circulating blood contains between 150,000 and 450,000 platelets, with...
01:24Disorders of Hemostasis
Hemostasis, the process that stops bleeding after a blood vessel injury, is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system. However, disorders of hemostasis can disrupt this delicate balance, leading to either excessive clotting or bleeding. These disorders can be broadly classified into thromboembolic disorders and bleeding disorders.
Thromboembolic Disorders
Two factors primarily cause thromboembolic conditions.
Thromboembolic Disorders
Two factors primarily cause thromboembolic conditions.
01:20Overview of Hematopoiesis
Hematopoiesis, or blood cell production, is a vital biological process that begins early in embryonic development and continues throughout life. This process generates the various types of cells found in blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).
Developmental Phases of Hematopoiesis
Initially, HSCs are formed in the embryonic yolk sac, a critical site for early blood cell production. These stem cells subsequently migrate to other...
Developmental Phases of Hematopoiesis
Initially, HSCs are formed in the embryonic yolk sac, a critical site for early blood cell production. These stem cells subsequently migrate to other...
01:20Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways of Hemostasis
Blood clotting or coagulation involves extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, which ultimately merge into the common pathway, forming a fibrin clot.
The Extrinsic Pathway
The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is typically initiated by tissue damage that exposes blood to tissue factor (TF), a protein released by the damaged tissue cells outside the blood vessels—this interaction with TF triggers biochemical reactions involving specific clotting factors. The key player here is Factor VII, which forms a...
The Extrinsic Pathway
The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is typically initiated by tissue damage that exposes blood to tissue factor (TF), a protein released by the damaged tissue cells outside the blood vessels—this interaction with TF triggers biochemical reactions involving specific clotting factors. The key player here is Factor VII, which forms a...