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Related Concept Videos

Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
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DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

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DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...
SBAR I: Understanding the Concept01:29

SBAR I: Understanding the Concept

Effective communication among healthcare professionals during hand-off reporting is essential to delivering safe and continuous patient care. Common professional interactions include reports to healthcare team members, hand-off, and transfer reports. Nurses routinely report information to other healthcare team members and also urgently contact healthcare providers to report changes in patient status.
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Types of Reports III: Telephone and Verbal Reports01:26

Types of Reports III: Telephone and Verbal Reports

Telephone and Verbal Reports in healthcare settings are two communication methods for conveying therapeutic instructions from healthcare providers to nurses or other healthcare staff.
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Telephone Orders

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Detection of DNA Breaks in Dividing Human Cells by Neutral Comet Assay
05:55

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Published on: August 23, 2024

'BREAKS' Protocol for Breaking Bad News.

Vijayakumar Narayanan1, Bibek Bista, Cheriyan Koshy

  • 1Department of Oncology and Palliative Medicine, St. Gregorios Medical Mission Hospital, Parumala, Pathanamthitta, Kerala, India.

Indian Journal of Palliative Care
|August 4, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Breaking bad news effectively requires skill and training. This study introduces the BREAKS protocol, a new six-step strategy to improve physician-patient communication during difficult conversations.

Keywords:
Breaking bad newsCommunicationTruth disclosure

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Communication
  • Patient-Physician Relationship
  • Healthcare Professional Training

Background:

  • Conveying bad news is a complex communication skill that physicians often find challenging.
  • Physicians may experience feelings of incompetence, fear of patient reactions, and personal vulnerability when delivering bad news.
  • Insufficient training in breaking bad news hinders healthcare professionals' ability to manage these difficult conversations effectively.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the challenges physicians face in breaking bad news.
  • To introduce a structured, systematic, and easy-to-use communication strategy for delivering bad news.
  • To enhance therapeutic outcomes and professional satisfaction through improved communication skills.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on breaking bad news.
  • Development of a novel six-step protocol named BREAKS.
  • Emphasis on client-centered counseling principles and patient insight.

Main Results:

  • The study proposes the BREAKS protocol as an alternative to existing methods like SPIKES.
  • The protocol aims to provide a systematic approach for physicians to navigate breaking bad news.
  • Competence in handling difficult situations is linked to positive therapeutic outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Effective communication of bad news is crucial for patient well-being and therapeutic success.
  • The BREAKS protocol offers a structured strategy to improve physician communication skills in delivering bad news.
  • Developing expertise in breaking bad news leads to better patient care and professional fulfillment.