Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Facial Feedback Hypothesis01:24

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

Charles Darwin proposed that facial expressions are an evolutionary adaptation for communication. He argued that these expressions are not influenced by culture but are universal across species. For example, a snarling expression with exposed teeth signals a threat in many animals, including humans. Darwin also suggested that displaying an emotion can intensify the feeling. Smiling, for example, could enhance one's sense of happiness. This idea laid the foundation for understanding the role of...
Effects of feedback01:24

Effects of feedback

Feedback in control systems plays a critical role in shaping various operational parameters, extending beyond simple error reduction to influence stability, bandwidth, gain, impedance, and sensitivity. Understanding these effects requires examining a basic feedback system characterized by defined input, output, error, and feedback signals.
Feedback significantly modifies the gain of a control system. The gain of a system without feedback is altered by a factor of one plus GH, where G represents...
Oscillations about an Equilibrium Position01:04

Oscillations about an Equilibrium Position

Stability is an important concept in oscillation. If an equilibrium point is stable, a slight disturbance of an object that is initially at the stable equilibrium point will cause the object to oscillate around that point. For an unstable equilibrium point, if the object is disturbed slightly, it will not return to the equilibrium point. There are three conditions for equilibrium points—stable, unstable, and half-stable. A half-stable equilibrium point is also unstable, but is named so because...
Observational Learning01:12

Observational Learning

Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning because...
Propagation of Action Potentials01:23

Propagation of Action Potentials

The propagation of an action potential refers to the process by which a nerve impulse, or "action potential," travels along a neuron.
Neurons (nerve cells) have a resting membrane potential, with a slightly negative charge inside compared to outside. This is maintained by ion channels, such as sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) channels, which control the flow of ions. When a stimulus, like a touch or a signal from another neuron, triggers the neuron, sodium channels open, allowing sodium ions to...
Feedback control systems01:26

Feedback control systems

Feedback control systems are categorized in various ways based on their design, analysis, and signal types.
Linear feedback systems are theoretical models that simplify analysis and design. These systems operate under the principle that their output is directly proportional to their input within certain ranges. For instance, an amplifier in a control system behaves linearly as long as the input signal remains within a specific range. However, most physical systems exhibit inherent nonlinearity...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Cortical integration of tactile inputs distributed across timescales.

Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)·2026
Same author

Impact of affect labelling as an implicit emotion regulation strategy on negative and positive emotions.

Cognition & emotion·2026
Same author

Boosting behavioral adaptability to enhance older adults' mental health/well-being and quality of life using a habit-based metacognitive self-help intervention.

BMC psychology·2025
Same author

NeuroImage: Reports: A new member of the NeuroImage family embracing negative findings, replication studies and registered reports.

Neuroimage. Reports·2025
Same author

Exploring EEG resting state differences in autism: sparse findings from a large cohort.

Molecular autism·2025
Same author

A cross-sectional network analysis of successful aging in a resilience-based framework.

PloS one·2025
Same journal

Sensorimotor Adaptation of Vocal Pitch Is Impaired in Cerebellar Ataxia.

Journal of cognitive neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Memory in the Palm of Your Hand: Smartphone-based Methods for Measuring Memory in the Wild.

Journal of cognitive neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Processing Asymmetry in Object-modifying Relative Clauses: Evidence from Functional Connectivity.

Journal of cognitive neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Extensive Experience Remodels Neural Task Circuitry to Escape the Frontal Bottleneck and Increase Automaticity of Categorization.

Journal of cognitive neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Investigating the Effects of Acute Stress on Neural Mechanisms of Self-controlled Decision-making.

Journal of cognitive neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Distilling the Neurophenomenological Signatures of Pure Awareness during Transcendental Meditation.

Journal of cognitive neuroscience·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations
06:34

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations

Published on: July 1, 2015

Frontal oscillatory dynamics predict feedback learning and action adjustment.

Irene van de Vijver1, K Richard Ridderinkhof, Michael X Cohen

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Roetersstraat 15, 1018 WB, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. i.vandevijver@uva.nl

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
|August 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Frontal brain oscillations in theta and beta bands are crucial for learning from feedback. This study shows how these brain rhythms and their communication support reinforcement learning.

More Related Videos

Force and Position Control in Humans - The Role of Augmented Feedback
06:31

Force and Position Control in Humans - The Role of Augmented Feedback

Published on: June 19, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations
06:34

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations

Published on: July 1, 2015

Force and Position Control in Humans - The Role of Augmented Feedback
06:31

Force and Position Control in Humans - The Role of Augmented Feedback

Published on: June 19, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Frontal theta and beta oscillations are linked to cognitive control.
  • Understanding brain activity during feedback-based learning is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate changes in frontal brain area coordination during feedback-based response learning.
  • Examine the roles of theta and beta oscillations in reinforcement learning.

Main Methods:

  • Participants performed a time estimation task with feedback.
  • Electroencephalography (EEG) measured brain activity, focusing on theta (4-8 Hz) and beta (20-30 Hz) bands.
  • Analyzed power and intersite phase synchrony (functional connectivity).

Main Results:

  • Theta-band activity increased after negative feedback; beta-band activity increased after positive feedback.
  • Theta-band power predicted learning from negative feedback; beta-band power predicted learning from both feedback types.
  • Negative feedback enhanced theta-band synchrony between frontal and sensorimotor areas.

Conclusions:

  • Frontal theta and beta oscillations play distinct roles in reinforcement learning.
  • Intersite communication within frontal networks is vital for learning from feedback.
  • Findings highlight the neural mechanisms of feedback-based response adaptation.