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Related Concept Videos

Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

Overview
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
DNA Replication02:40

DNA Replication

DNA replication involves the separation of the two strands of the double helix, with each strand serving as a template from which the new complementary strand is copied.  After replication, each double-stranded DNA includes one parental or “old” strand and one “new” strand. This is known as semiconservative replication. The resulting DNA molecules have the same sequence and are divided equally into the two daughter cells.
Replication in Prokaryotes
DNA replication uses a large number of...
Translesion DNA Polymerases02:10

Translesion DNA Polymerases

Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
TLS polymerases are found in all three domains of life - archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Of the different classes of TLS polymerases, members of the Y family are fitted with specialized structures that...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Generation of Cancer Cell Clones to Visualize Telomeric Repeat-containing RNA TERRA Expressed from a Single Telomere in Living Cells
09:13

Generation of Cancer Cell Clones to Visualize Telomeric Repeat-containing RNA TERRA Expressed from a Single Telomere in Living Cells

Published on: January 17, 2019

Single-stranded DNA repeat synthesis by telomerase.

Kathleen Collins1

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, USA. kcollins@berkeley.edu

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology
|August 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Telomerase, a ribonucleoprotein reverse transcriptase (RT), extends chromosome ends using an RNA template. Recent studies explore its unique RNA-protein (RNP) structure and DNA handling mechanisms for processive repeat synthesis.

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In vitro Reconstitution of the Active T. castaneum Telomerase
09:25

In vitro Reconstitution of the Active T. castaneum Telomerase

Published on: July 14, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Generation of Cancer Cell Clones to Visualize Telomeric Repeat-containing RNA TERRA Expressed from a Single Telomere in Living Cells
09:13

Generation of Cancer Cell Clones to Visualize Telomeric Repeat-containing RNA TERRA Expressed from a Single Telomere in Living Cells

Published on: January 17, 2019

In vitro Reconstitution of the Active T. castaneum Telomerase
09:25

In vitro Reconstitution of the Active T. castaneum Telomerase

Published on: July 14, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein reverse transcriptase (RT) essential for maintaining chromosome ends (telomeres).
  • It synthesizes telomeric DNA repeats using an internal RNA template.
  • Telomerase possesses unique mechanisms for handling single-stranded DNA (ssDNA).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight recent studies on telomerase's RNA-protein (RNP) domain architecture.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying telomerase's specialized single-stranded DNA handling.
  • To understand how these properties enable processive repeat synthesis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent research findings.
  • Analysis of telomerase RNP structure and function.
  • Investigation of nucleic acid binding and release mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Telomerase releases product DNA in a single-stranded form, freeing the template.
  • It maintains a template-independent grip on the ssDNA product.
  • These capabilities are dependent on the intricate RNP domain network.

Conclusions:

  • The specific RNP domain architecture is crucial for telomerase's unique DNA handling.
  • These specialized properties allow for efficient and processive telomeric repeat synthesis.
  • Understanding these mechanisms provides insight into telomere maintenance and cellular aging.