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Striatum-medial prefrontal cortex connectivity predicts developmental changes in reinforcement learning.

Wouter van den Bos¹, Michael X Cohen, Thorsten Kahnt

¹Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, 2333 AK Leiden, the Netherlands.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)

|August 6, 2011

Summary

Children

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Psychology
Cognitive Science

Background:

Children's ability to learn from feedback and adapt behavior develops with age.
Neural mechanisms driving these developmental learning changes remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate neurodevelopmental changes in the representation and processing of learning signals using a reinforcement learning model.
To examine age-related differences in behavioral learning parameters and neural correlates.

Main Methods:

Employed a probabilistic learning task with 67 healthy participants (ages 8–22) within a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner.
Utilized a reinforcement learning model to analyze behavioral and neuroimaging data across three age groups: children, adolescents, and adults.

Main Results:

Behavioral data showed age differences, with children exhibiting a stronger impact of negative feedback on expected value.
Neural representation of prediction errors was consistent across age groups.
Functional connectivity between the ventral striatum and medial prefrontal cortex increased with age and predicted behavioral adjustments following negative feedback.

Conclusions:

Developmental changes in learning are not due to altered neural representation of learning signals.
Age-related differences in how learning signals are integrated and utilized, particularly via ventral striatum-mPFC connectivity, underlie behavioral adaptation.