Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Smallpox01:24

Smallpox

Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.
Human Virome01:26

Human Virome

The human body harbors a vast and diverse viral community known as the human virome. The virome includes bacteriophages that infect bacteria, and eukaryotic viruses that infect human cells. Transient dietary and environmental viruses also contribute to this dynamic ecosystem. Estimates suggest the human body may contain on the order of 10¹³ viral particles, though abundance varies widely by body site and detection method.Comprehensive characterization of the virome has become possible only with...
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
Prevalence and Incidence01:08

Prevalence and Incidence

In statistical epidemiology and health sciences, two essential metrics—prevalence and incidence—are fundamental for understanding disease dynamics within a population. These measures enable public health officials, epidemiologists, and researchers to assess the burden of diseases, allocate resources effectively, and design impactful public health policies and interventions.
Prevalence indicates the proportion of individuals in a population who have a specific disease or health condition at a...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Disparities in survival after cervical cancer between tribal and rural women in Tamil Nadu, India: A retrospective cohort study.

Journal of family medicine and primary care·2026
Same author

Clinical Validation of the Roche cobas and cobas 4800 Human Papillomavirus Tests on Self-Collected Vaginal Dry Swabs versus Practitioner-Collected Cervical Specimens Using the VALHUDES Protocol.

The Journal of molecular diagnostics : JMD·2026
Same author

How would Australian women and people with a cervix like to access self-collection for cervical screening? Screening preferences from a national survey.

Cancer causes & control : CCC·2026
Same author

Immunisation program managers' experiences of implementing the change from a two dose to a single dose course of HPV vaccination in Australia's school-based program.

Vaccine·2026
Same author

Readiness to transition to HPV self-collection from VIA screening: a mixed methods health systems assessment from Tamil Nadu, India.

BMC health services research·2025
Same author

Global status of HPV vaccination two decades in: effective, safe and preventing cancer.

Expert review of vaccines·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Use of Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay to Characterize Novel T-cell Epitopes of Human Papillomavirus
13:41

Use of Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay to Characterize Novel T-cell Epitopes of Human Papillomavirus

Published on: March 8, 2012

Primary prophylactic human papillomavirus vaccination programs: future perspective on global impact.

Julia M L Brotherton1, Dorota M Gertig

  • 1National HPV Vaccination Program Register, Victorian Cytology Service Registries, Victorian Cytology Service, PO Box 310, East Melbourne, Victoria 8002, Australia. jbrother@vcs.org.au

Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy
|August 9, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines prevent four types of HPV, including high-risk types 16 and 18 that cause most cervical cancers. Effective vaccination programs can significantly reduce the global burden of HPV-related diseases.

More Related Videos

RNAscope for In situ Detection of Transcriptionally Active Human Papillomavirus in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
10:26

RNAscope for In situ Detection of Transcriptionally Active Human Papillomavirus in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Published on: March 11, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Use of Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay to Characterize Novel T-cell Epitopes of Human Papillomavirus
13:41

Use of Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay to Characterize Novel T-cell Epitopes of Human Papillomavirus

Published on: March 8, 2012

RNAscope for In situ Detection of Transcriptionally Active Human Papillomavirus in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
10:26

RNAscope for In situ Detection of Transcriptionally Active Human Papillomavirus in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Published on: March 11, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Virology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • 40 human papillomavirus (HPV) types infect mucosal epithelium.
  • High-risk HPV types 16 and 18 cause 70% of cervical cancers and other malignancies.
  • Low-risk HPV types 6 and 11 cause genital warts and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current challenges and issues in delivering primary HPV vaccination programs.
  • To assess the potential impact of HPV vaccines on global disease burden.
  • To discuss the near-term and long-term implications of HPV vaccination.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of HPV epidemiology and vaccination strategies.
  • Analysis of vaccine efficacy and public health impact data.
  • Discussion of implementation challenges for primary HPV vaccination.

Main Results:

  • Prophylactic vaccination can prevent four HPV types.
  • Vaccines target high-risk types (16, 18) responsible for major cancers and low-risk types (6, 11) causing warts and RRP.
  • Effective implementation of HPV vaccination programs holds great potential for reducing global disease.

Conclusions:

  • Primary HPV vaccination programs offer a significant opportunity to decrease the incidence of HPV-related cancers and diseases.
  • Addressing challenges in vaccine delivery is crucial for maximizing public health benefits.
  • HPV vaccines are expected to have a substantial impact on disease burden in the future.