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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus01:22

Complications of Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency, resistance, or both. Prolonged hyperglycemia disrupts metabolic homeostasis and leads to acute and chronic complications.Acute ComplicationsAcute complications result from sudden metabolic imbalance.Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) mainly appears in type 1 diabetes but may also develop in type 2 diabetes, particularly under extreme stress. It arises from severe insulin deficiency,...
Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

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DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Prospective, Randomized, and Controlled Study of a Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell Injection for Treating Diabetic Foot Ulcers
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Cell-based therapies for diabetic complications.

Stella Bernardi1, Giovanni Maria Severini, Giorgio Zauli

  • 1Department of Morphology and Embriology and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy.

Experimental Diabetes Research
|August 9, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Cell-based therapies show promise for treating diabetic vascular complications. Mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells are key candidates, offering therapeutic benefits despite existing challenges.

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Diabetology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Accumulating evidence suggests cell-based therapies can benefit diabetic patients.
  • Vascular complications are a major concern in diabetes mellitus.
  • Adult stem and progenitor cells are being investigated for therapeutic potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence for cell-based therapies in diabetic complications.
  • To highlight the therapeutic benefits observed with these cell types.
  • To discuss the challenges associated with cell-based treatments in diabetes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental evidence and published studies.
  • Focus on mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells.
  • Analysis of therapeutic outcomes and limitations.

Main Results:

  • Mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells show therapeutic promise.
  • These cells have demonstrated benefits in preclinical and clinical settings.
  • Significant challenges remain in the clinical application of these therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Cell-based therapies, particularly using mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells, offer a promising avenue for managing diabetic vascular complications.
  • Further research is needed to overcome existing challenges and optimize treatment efficacy.
  • These approaches hold potential for improving patient outcomes in diabetes care.