Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Karyotyping

Karyotyping

Karyotyping

Karyotyping

Studying the Cytoskeleton

Studying the Cytoskeleton

The cytoskeletal architecture can be studied using different microscopic and biochemical techniques. Electron microscopy was instrumental in discovering the cytoskeletal architecture around the 1960s, which allowed obtaining structural information at a high-resolution level. However, the sample preparation procedure often limits this ability in biological samples. Several protocols have been developed over the years to optimize sample preparation. In one of the protocols known as rotary...

Polytene Chromosomes

Polytene Chromosomes

Polytene chromosomes are giant interphase chromosomes with several DNA strands placed side by side. They were discovered in the year 1881 by Balbiani in salivary glands, intestine, muscles, malpighian tubules, and hypoderm of larvae Chironomus plumosus. Hence, these are also called "Salivary gland chromosomes." These are found in insects of the order Diptera and Collembola; in certain organs of mammals; and synergids, antipodes of flowering plants. Polytene chromosomes are also regularly...

FISH - Fluorescent In-situ Hybridization

FISH - Fluorescent In-situ Hybridization

Fluorescence in situ hybridization, or FISH, was developed in the early 1980s and has quickly become one of the most widely used techniques in cytogenetics. Labeled probes are used to bind complementary DNA or RNA sequences on a chromosome or in a region within a cell. Earlier, the probes could only be obtained by cloning or reverse transcription of a DNA template. Currently, the probe oligonucleotides can be synthesized synthetically. Additionally, with the advancement of optical techniques,...

Chromosome Structure

Chromosome Structure

A functional eukaryotic chromosome must contain three elements: a centromere, telomeres, and numerous origins of replication.
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
Telomeres consist of non-coding repetitive nucleotide...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Spontaneous and photosensitization-induced mutations in primary mouse cells transitioning through senescence and immortalization.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2020

Same author

Mutation Analysis in Cultured Cells of Transgenic Rodents.

International journal of molecular sciences·2018

Same author

Limited mutagenicity of electronic cigarettes in mouse or human cells in vitro.

Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands)·2017

Same author

DNA Advanced Glycation End Products (DNA-AGEs) Are Elevated in Urine and Tissue in an Animal Model of Type 2 Diabetes.

Chemical research in toxicology·2017

Same author

UVB irradiation does not directly induce detectable changes of DNA methylation in human keratinocytes.

F1000Research·2014

Same author

Mammalian cells acquire epigenetic hallmarks of human cancer during immortalization.

Nucleic acids research·2012

Same journal

Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026

Same journal

Modeling Melanoma Immune Surveillance by CAR-T Cells in Human Skin Organoids.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026

Same journal

Stepwise Optimization of a Matrigel-Based In Vitro Angiogenesis Assay for Reproducible and Quantifiable 2D-Tube Formation Using HUVECs.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026

Same journal

Quantifying Mechanical Properties of Fresh Ovarian Tissue with Optical Brillouin Microscopy.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026

Same journal

3D Chromatin Architecture During Early Development: New Methods and New Findings.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026

Same journal

Metabolic Plasticity in Embryogenesis Throughout the Lens of NAD<sup></sup>.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Chromosome Preparation From Cultured Cells

Chromosome Preparation From Cultured Cells

Published on: January 28, 2014

Classical cytogenetics: karyotyping techniques.

Steven E Bates¹

¹Department of Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA. sbates@coh.org

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)

|August 9, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Classical cytogenetics, a 50-year-old method, is crucial for assessing stem cell genetic stability. This technique remains the most accessible way to detect chromosomal abnormalities in pluripotent stem cell cultures.

More Related Videos

Spectral Karyotyping to Study Chromosome Abnormalities in Humans and Mice with Polycystic Kidney Disease

Spectral Karyotyping to Study Chromosome Abnormalities in Humans and Mice with Polycystic Kidney Disease

Published on: February 3, 2012

Chromosomal Spread Preparation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells for Karyotyping

Chromosomal Spread Preparation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells for Karyotyping

Published on: September 4, 2009

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Chromosome Preparation From Cultured Cells

Chromosome Preparation From Cultured Cells

Published on: January 28, 2014

Spectral Karyotyping to Study Chromosome Abnormalities in Humans and Mice with Polycystic Kidney Disease

Spectral Karyotyping to Study Chromosome Abnormalities in Humans and Mice with Polycystic Kidney Disease

Published on: February 3, 2012

Chromosomal Spread Preparation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells for Karyotyping

Chromosomal Spread Preparation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells for Karyotyping

Published on: September 4, 2009

Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Genetics
Biotechnology

Background:

Classical cytogenetics, specifically karyotyping, has been a cornerstone in clinical research for over five decades.
It is the primary method employed in stem cell laboratories for evaluating the genetic stability of cell cultures.
This technique is the most accessible approach for identifying chromosomal abnormalities in pluripotent stem cell cultures.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive guide to performing classical cytogenetics for stem cell cultures.
To detail the essential steps for preparing cultures, slides, and staining chromosomes.
To explain the interpretation of cytogenetic reports for stem cell research.

Main Methods:

Culture preparation to maximize metaphase cell yield.
Slide preparation techniques for optimal chromosome spreads.
Chromosome staining methodologies.
Interpretation guidelines for cytogenetic reports.

Main Results:

The abstract does not contain specific results but outlines the procedural steps covered in the chapter.
The chapter details how to achieve optimal conditions for cytogenetic analysis of stem cells.
It covers the complete workflow from sample preparation to result interpretation.

Conclusions:

Classical cytogenetics via karyotyping is an indispensable tool for ensuring the genetic integrity of stem cell cultures.
The described methods facilitate the detection of chromosomal abnormalities, crucial for stem cell research and therapeutic applications.
Mastering these cytogenetic techniques is essential for researchers working with pluripotent stem cells.