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Related Concept Videos

Anatomical Positions01:11

Anatomical Positions

In anatomy, several standard anatomical positions are used as references for describing the position and orientation of different body parts. These positions help provide a common frame of reference when discussing anatomical structures. The anatomical position is the standard reference point for describing the body's position and orientation. In this position:
The body is upright, facing forward, and standing erect.
The feet are parallel and flat on the floor.
The arms are hanging by the...
Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An immobile...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

In Vivo Quantification of Hip Arthrokinematics during Dynamic Weight-bearing Activities using Dual Fluoroscopy
07:43

In Vivo Quantification of Hip Arthrokinematics during Dynamic Weight-bearing Activities using Dual Fluoroscopy

Published on: July 2, 2021

Acetabular orientation: anatomical and functional measurement.

Omri Lubovsky1, David Wright, Michael Hardisty

  • 1Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, UB19, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada. omrilu@gmail.com

International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery
|August 9, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces functional acetabular orientation, derived from bone density, offering a novel perspective on hip joint force transmission. This method reveals a more posterior and vertical orientation compared to traditional anatomical measures.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics and Biomechanics
  • Medical Imaging Analysis
  • Hip Joint Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Acetabular orientation is crucial for hip joint health and surgical interventions.
  • Current anatomical measures may not fully represent the functional load-bearing axis of the acetabulum.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define functional acetabular orientation using bone density mapping.
  • To compare this functional measure with traditional landmark-based anatomical orientation.
  • To assess its utility in understanding hip joint force transmission.

Main Methods:

  • Computed tomography (CT) scans from 38 non-pathologic individuals were analyzed.
  • Functional orientation was calculated as the density-weighted average of acetabular surface normals from bone density maps.
  • Anatomical orientation was assessed using acetabular rim plane normals and 2D radiographic abduction angles.

Main Results:

  • Functional and anatomical abduction/anteversion angles varied (32°-58° and 22°-31°).
  • Functional orientation showed weak correlation with the rim plane measure.
  • Native acetabular abduction was shallower with 3D functional/anatomic methods versus 2D radiographic measures.
  • Functional orientation vectors were more vertically and posteriorly oriented than anatomical measures.

Conclusions:

  • Functional acetabular orientation, based on subchondral bone density, provides a more posterior and vertical measure.
  • This functional measure offers a different perspective on load transmission compared to anatomical methods.
  • Highlights potential limitations of traditional anatomical measures in representing hip joint biomechanics.