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Related Concept Videos

Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...

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Related Experiment Videos

Cardiovascular events in thyroid disease: a population based, prospective study.

M Schultz1, C Kistorp, I Raymond

  • 1Department of Cardiology and Endocrinology E, Frederiksberg University Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark. haurum@dadlnet.dk

Hormone and Metabolic Research = Hormon- Und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones Et Metabolisme
|August 9, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Subclinical hyperthyroidism increases stroke risk in older adults with normal heart function. Subclinical hypothyroidism did not show a significant association with cardiovascular events in this study.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Cardiology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Subclinical thyroid disease lacks treatment consensus.
  • Overt thyroid disease is linked to cardiovascular risks.
  • Assessing cardiovascular event risk in subclinical thyroid disease is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the association between subclinical thyroid disease and cardiovascular events.
  • To investigate the risk of stroke and major cardiovascular events in individuals with subclinical thyroid dysfunction.
  • To determine if subclinical thyroid disease poses a risk in older adults with normal left ventricular function.

Main Methods:

  • Population-based prospective study in Denmark.
  • Included 609 adults aged 50+ with normal left ventricular function.
  • Followed participants for a median of 5 years, documenting major cardiovascular events and stroke.

Main Results:

  • Subclinical hyperthyroidism (TSH<0.40 mU/l) was associated with an increased incidence of stroke (HR 3.39).
  • Subclinical hypothyroidism (TSH>4.00 mU/l) showed no significant relation to outcome measurements.
  • Higher NT-proBNP levels correlated with lower TSH levels at baseline.

Conclusions:

  • Subclinical hyperthyroidism is a risk factor for major cardiovascular events, particularly stroke, in older adults.
  • Subclinical hypothyroidism does not appear to be a risk factor for cardiovascular events in this population.
  • Findings suggest closer monitoring or treatment considerations for subclinical hyperthyroidism in at-risk individuals.