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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
Structure of Cardiac Muscles01:13

Structure of Cardiac Muscles

Cardiac muscle, or myocardium, is a specialized type of muscle found exclusively in the heart. Its unique structural and functional characteristics enable the heart to perform its vital role of pumping blood throughout the body continuously and rhythmically. The cardiac muscle cells, or cardiomyocytes, possess an endomysium and perimysium but do not have an epimysium.
Compared to skeletal muscles, cardiac muscle cells are small and mostly have a single nucleus. Additionally, they are usually...
Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance01:29

Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance

Typical heart performance is influenced by heart rate, rhythm, myocardial contraction, and metabolism or blood flow. The cardiac muscle exhibits distinct electrophysiological features, including pacemaker activity and calcium channel control, which play a vital role in the heart's response to various drugs. The autonomic nervous system, comprising the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, regulates heart rate. Sympathetic activation increases heart rate, while parasympathetic activation...
Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...

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Echocardiographic Characterization of Left Ventricular Structure, Function, and Coronary Flow in Neonate Mice
07:55

Echocardiographic Characterization of Left Ventricular Structure, Function, and Coronary Flow in Neonate Mice

Published on: April 7, 2022

Cardiac structure and function and dependency in the oldest old.

David Leibowitz1, Jeremy M Jacobs, Irit Stessman-Lande

  • 1Heart Institute, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. oleibo@hadassah.org.il

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
|August 10, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cardiac function, including ejection fraction, is linked to daily living activities in the elderly. Impaired systolic function and increased heart structure measurements are associated with limitations in activities of daily living (ADLs).

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08:21

Biventricular Assessment of Cardiac Function and Pressure-Volume Loops by Closed-Chest Catheterization in Mice

Published on: June 15, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Cardiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Activities of daily living (ADLs) are crucial for maintaining independence in older adults.
  • Cardiac function can significantly impact an individual's ability to perform ADLs.
  • Understanding this relationship is vital for promoting healthy aging and targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between cardiac function and ADLs in an age-homogenous cohort of community-dwelling elderly individuals.
  • To identify specific cardiac parameters linked to functional limitations in advanced age.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional analysis of a prospective cohort study involving 489 participants (born 1920-1921).
  • Home-based comprehensive assessments of functional status, including ADLs, and structured interviews.
  • Standard echocardiography to evaluate cardiac structure (e.g., left ventricular mass index, left atrial volume index) and function (e.g., ejection fraction, diastolic function).

Main Results:

  • Participants with limitations in at least one ADL had a significantly higher prevalence of low ejection fraction (<55%) compared to independent individuals (52.6% vs 39.1%, P=.01).
  • Dependence in ADLs was associated with higher left ventricular mass index and left atrial volume index.
  • No significant differences were found in diastolic function between groups.

Conclusions:

  • In this cohort of the oldest old, impaired systolic cardiac function, elevated left ventricular mass index, and left atrial volume index are associated with limitations in activities of daily living.
  • Diastolic function, as assessed by Doppler, did not show a significant association with ADL limitations in this population.