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Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR Signal Multiplicity: Splitting Patterns01:13

¹H NMR Signal Multiplicity: Splitting Patterns

When protons A and X are coupled, their nuclear spin energy levels are slightly modified. This is because the energy required to excite proton A to a spin state parallel to proton X is slightly different from the energy required for it to become anti-parallel to spin X. Consequently, there are two possible excitation frequencies for A (A1 and A2), depending on the spin state of X, and vice versa. The mutual nature of coupling implies that the difference between frequencies A1 and A2, indicated...
Types Of Superconductors01:28

Types Of Superconductors

A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved in...
Superconductor01:24

Superconductor

A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must have a...

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Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
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Odd-frequency pairing in superconducting heterostructures.

A A Golubov1, Y Tanaka, Y Asano

  • 1Faculty of Science and Technology and MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|August 10, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Odd-frequency pairing in superconducting heterostructures is induced near interfaces. This review explores its theory, focusing on proximity effects in unconventional superconductors and normal metals.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Materials
  • Superconductivity

Background:

  • Superconducting heterostructures exhibit unique phenomena at interfaces.
  • The superconducting proximity effect describes the influence of a superconductor on adjacent materials.
  • Understanding pairing symmetries is crucial for novel superconducting applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the theoretical framework of odd-frequency pairing in superconducting heterostructures.
  • To elucidate the induction of odd-frequency pairing components near interfaces.
  • To explore the superconducting proximity effect in various heterostructures.

Main Methods:

  • Quasiclassical kinetic theory is employed to describe the superconducting proximity effect.
  • Analysis of various symmetry classes in superconductors consistent with the Pauli principle.
  • Consideration of even-frequency spin-singlet even-parity (ESE), even-frequency spin-triplet odd-parity (ETO), odd-frequency spin-triplet even-parity (OTE), and odd-frequency spin-singlet odd-parity (OSO) states.

Main Results:

  • Odd-frequency pairing components can be induced in normal metals or ferromagnets adjacent to unconventional superconductors.
  • A p-wave superconductor junction with a diffusive normal metal demonstrates induced odd-frequency triplet even-parity pairing.
  • The theory connects odd-frequency pairing phenomena to McMillan-Rowell oscillations in conventional superconductor/normal (S/N) systems.

Conclusions:

  • Odd-frequency pairing is a significant theoretical concept in superconducting heterostructures.
  • The proximity effect plays a key role in mediating odd-frequency pairing across interfaces.
  • Further research into odd-frequency pairing could unlock new superconducting functionalities.