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Task-induced deactivation from rest extends beyond the default mode brain network.

Ben J Harrison1, Jesus Pujol, Oren Contreras-Rodríguez

  • 1Institut d'Alta Tecnologia-PRBB, CRC Mar, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain. habj@unimelb.edu.au

Plos One
|August 11, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Task-induced brain deactivations are not limited to the default-mode network (DMN). Increased task demand also engages non-DMN regions, like the posterior insular cortex, impacting cognitive function.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Task-induced deactivations in midline and parietal regions are commonly observed during cognitive tasks compared to rest.
  • These deactivations are widely attributed to the default-mode network (DMN), a key brain system.
  • The DMN's role in human brain function and behavior is extensively studied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether task-induced deactivations extend beyond the DMN.
  • To explore the influence of increasing task demand on brain deactivation patterns.
  • To identify specific non-DMN regions involved in cognitive tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to study 50 healthy adults.
  • Two distinct fMRI tasks were designed to map deactivations from a resting baseline.

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  • Performance data was analyzed to correlate brain activity with experienced task difficulty.

    • Main Results:

    • Task-induced deactivations were observed outside the DMN with increased task demand.
    • The posterior insular cortex, a non-DMN region, showed robust deactivation at high task loads.
    • Deactivation in the posterior insular cortex correlated with perceived task difficulty.

    Conclusions:

    • Task-induced deactivations are not exclusive to the DMN.
    • Brain regions involved in sensory and interoceptive processing, such as the posterior insular cortex, are also deactivated during demanding cognitive tasks.
    • These findings broaden the understanding of large-scale brain network dynamics during cognitive performance.