Asymmetric additive-free aryl addition to aldehydes using perhydrobenzoxazines as ligands and boroxins as aryl source
Rebeca Infante1, Javier Nieto, Celia Andrés
1Instituto CINQUIMA and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Dr Mergelinas/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
Abstract:
A highly efficient enantioselective aryl addition to aldehydes using boroxins as aryl source and conformationally restricted perhydro-1,3-benzoxazines as ligands is reported. Both enantiomeric forms of chiral arylphenylmethanols and 1,1'-disubstituted diarylmethanols are afforded with excellent yields and enantioselectivities using the same ligand by means of an appropriate combination of boroxin and aromatic aldehyde. The enantiocontrol is not significantly influenced by electronic effects or steric hindrance, even with substituted boroxins. Very homogeneous ee's are reached when substituted arylboroxins are employed, without the use of any class of additive or pre-treatment.
Related Concept Videos
02:47Alkynes to Aldehydes and Ketones: Hydroboration-Oxidation
One of the convenient methods for the preparation of aldehydes and ketones is via hydration of alkynes. Hydroboration-oxidation of alkynes is an indirect hydration reaction in which an alkyne is treated with borane followed by oxidation with alkaline peroxide to form an enol that rapidly converts into an aldehyde or a ketone. Terminal alkynes form aldehydes, whereas internal alkynes give ketones as the final product.
03:08Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes
02:15Preparation of Alcohols via Addition Reactions
The acid-catalyzed addition of water to the double bond of alkenes is a large-scale industrial method used to synthesize low-molecular-weight alcohols. An acidic atmosphere is required to allow the hydrogen in the water molecule to act as an electrophile and attack the double bond in an alkene. The addition of a proton to the double bond creates a carbocation intermediate. The proton preferentially bonds to the less substituted end of the double bond to create a more stable carbocation...
02:36Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Hydroboration
Hydroboration proceeds in a concerted fashion with the attack of borane on the π bond, giving a cyclic four-centered transition state. The –BH2 group is bonded to the less substituted carbon and –H to the more substituted carbon. The concerted nature requires the simultaneous addition of –H and –BH2 across the same face of the alkene giving syn stereochemistry.
01:25Radical Anti-Markovnikov Addition to Alkenes: Overview
02:35Electrophilic Addition to Alkynes: Hydrohalogenation