Development of autoimmune diabetes in the absence of detectable IL-17A in a CD8-driven virally induced model

Recent studies have shown that IL-17 can contribute beneficially to pathogen defense but also that excessive IL-17 levels are associated with chronic inflammation and autoimmune disorders. To date, the role of IL-17 in viral infections and type 1 diabetes is ambiguous. In this study, we used IL-17A enhanced green fluorescent protein bicistronic reporter mouse strains to analyze in situ production of IL-17A. Upon Klebsiella pneumoniae bacterial infection, CD4(+) and γδ T cells produce IL-17A. In contrast, CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cells do not produce IL-17A in response to acute or protracted viral infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus or during autoimmune diabetes development in the CD8-driven lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-induced model of type 1 diabetes. We conclude that viral elimination and type 1 diabetes can occur in the absence of detectable IL-17A production, suggesting IL-17A is not essential in these settings.