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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must have a...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
Theory of Metallic Conduction01:17

Theory of Metallic Conduction

The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
In this theory, Newton's second law of motion is used to determine the acceleration of an electron in the presence of an applied electric field. Then, its velocity is expressed via this acceleration.
An electron moves through the crystal, containing positive ions,...
The Pauli Exclusion Principle03:06

The Pauli Exclusion Principle

The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom is called its electron configuration. We describe an electron configuration with a symbol that contains three pieces of information:

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Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
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Josephson supercurrent with spin-equal pairing through a half-metallic link.

Zhi Ming Zheng1, D Y Xing

  • 1National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|August 12, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spin-flip scattering in superconductor/ferromagnet Josephson junctions enables novel Andreev reflection. This generates electron-hole correlations and a large spin-equal supercurrent through half-metallic links.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Spintronics
  • Superconductivity

Background:

  • Superconductor/ferromagnet (S/F) interfaces are crucial for novel electronic devices.
  • Understanding spin-flip scattering is key to controlling quantum phenomena in S/F heterostructures.
  • Josephson junctions are fundamental for quantum electronics and sensitive measurements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of spin-flip scattering at S/F interfaces on Josephson currents.
  • To explore novel Andreev reflection phenomena in S/F/S Josephson junctions.
  • To analyze superconducting order parameters for singlet and triplet pairing states.

Main Methods:

  • Extension of the Blonder-Tinkham-Klapwijk (BTK) approach.
  • Inclusion of novel Andreev reflection concepts.
  • Theoretical study of Josephson current and order parameters in S/F/S junctions.

Main Results:

  • Novel Andreev reflection observed at F/S interfaces.
  • Generation of electron-hole correlations in specific spin subbands of the ferromagnet.
  • Observation of a large supercurrent for spin-equal pairing across extended half-metallic links.

Conclusions:

  • Spin-flip scattering significantly influences Andreev reflection and supercurrents in S/F Josephson junctions.
  • Novel Andreev reflection provides a mechanism for generating spin-polarized correlations.
  • The study highlights the potential for long-range spin-equal supercurrents in half-metallic systems.