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The 1977 outbreak of bluetongue in Cyprus
Tropical Animal Health and Production
|November 1, 1978
Summary
Bluetongue virus (BTV) outbreaks have historically impacted Cyprus sheep, with a significant 1977 event caused by BTV type 4. This underscores the ongoing threat of bluetongue disease transmission by Culicoides midges.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Epidemiology
- Arthropod-borne Diseases
Background:
- Bluetongue virus (BTV) has caused recurrent outbreaks in Cyprus sheep since 1924.
- Historical outbreaks often occurred in the autumn months (September-December).
- Previous BTV isolations identified types 3 and 4.
Purpose of the Study:
- To document the characteristics of a significant bluetongue outbreak in Cyprus in 1977.
- To identify the circulating BTV serotype during the 1977 outbreak.
- To confirm the role of Culicoides midges in disease transmission.
Main Methods:
- Epidemiological investigation of the 1977 outbreak.
- Serotyping of the isolated BTV strain.
- Identification of Culicoides species as vectors.
Main Results:
- The 1977 bluetongue outbreak was severe, affecting 13.1% of 27,837 sheep across 303 flocks in 65 villages.
- Bluetongue virus type 4 was isolated during the 1977 outbreak.
- Culicoides midges were confirmed as the vectors responsible for BTV transmission in Cyprus.
Conclusions:
- BTV type 4 posed a significant threat during the 1977 Cyprus outbreak.
- The recurring nature of bluetongue highlights the need for ongoing surveillance and control measures.
- Effective vector control is crucial for managing bluetongue transmission in endemic regions.