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The (Spatial) Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
05:15

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Published on: February 19, 2018

Categories and range effects in human spatial memory.

Ken Cheng1, Marcia L Spetch, Andros Hoan

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Frontiers in Psychology
|August 12, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human judgments are influenced by stimulus range, shifting responses toward the middle. Categorical coding, alongside metric values, explains these range effects and cognitive biases.

Keywords:
categorycategory adjustment modelhumanrange effectspatial memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Human Perception
  • Decision Making

Background:

  • Human judgments are influenced by the range of stimuli presented during testing, a phenomenon known as range effects.
  • These range effects typically manifest as a shift in "yes" responses towards the middle of the tested stimulus range.
  • Humans process both precise metric values and broader categorical information for stimuli, impacting response biases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how categorical coding influences range effects in human judgments.
  • To re-examine existing data on range effects through the lens of categorical coding.
  • To explore the adaptive functions of categorical coding in human cognition.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of previously published data on range effects in human perception.
  • Comparison of range effects across different stimulus categories versus within a single category.
  • Functional explanation of observed range effects based on categorical adjustment models.

Main Results:

  • Existing data on range effects were found to be reasonably explained by categorical coding.
  • Additional experiments comparing range effects across and within categories yielded limited supporting evidence.
  • Observed range effects were generally weak, potentially obscuring clearer category-based differences.

Conclusions:

  • Categorical coding, in conjunction with metric value coding, provides a functional explanation for range effects and cognitive biases.
  • The adaptive nature of categorical coding helps account for seemingly unusual biases in human decision-making.
  • While direct experimental evidence was limited, theoretical explanations suggest categorical coding plays a significant role in modulating range effects.