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Related Concept Videos

Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane01:26

Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane

Proteins and neurotransmitters in secretory vesicles can be released from a cell upon vesicle docking, priming, and fusion with the plasma membrane. Vesicles are docked and primed in preparation for the quick exocytosis of their contents in response to a stimulus. The fusion process is mainly carried out by a SNAP Receptor or SNARE complex, consisting of synaptobrevin, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25.
In 1993, Jim Rothman proposed that the antiparallel pairing of vesicular and transmembrane SNAREs, or...
SNAREs and Membrane Fusion01:43

SNAREs and Membrane Fusion

Once a transport vesicle has recognized its target organelle, the vesicular membrane needs to fuse with the target membrane to unload the cargo. Transmembrane proteins called SNAREs present on organelle membranes and their vesicles, mediate vesicle fusion.
SNAREs exist in pairs that symmetrically interact and catalyze the fusion of the lipid bilayers in vesicle and target organelle. v-SNARE in the vesicle membrane are single polypeptide chains that bind to a complementary t-SNARE, composed of 2...
Vesicular Tubular Clusters01:45

Vesicular Tubular Clusters

After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
With the help of motor proteins such...
Overview of Secretory Vesicles01:33

Overview of Secretory Vesicles

Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
Various proteins regulate the aggregation of molecules inside the secretory vesicles. Chromogranins...
Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Measuring Synaptic Vesicle Endocytosis in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons
07:30

Measuring Synaptic Vesicle Endocytosis in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons

Published on: September 4, 2017

v-SNARE composition distinguishes synaptic vesicle pools.

Zhaolin Hua1, Sergio Leal-Ortiz, Sarah M Foss

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.

Neuron
|August 13, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Synaptic vesicles have distinct molecular compositions, with VAMP7 protein differentiating functional pools. Different endocytosis mechanisms generate these vesicles, influencing neurotransmitter release properties.

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Studying Synaptic Vesicle Pools using Photoconversion of Styryl Dyes
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Measuring Synaptic Vesicle Endocytosis in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons
07:30

Measuring Synaptic Vesicle Endocytosis in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons

Published on: September 4, 2017

Studying Synaptic Vesicle Pools using Photoconversion of Styryl Dyes
08:46

Studying Synaptic Vesicle Pools using Photoconversion of Styryl Dyes

Published on: February 15, 2010

Examination of Synaptic Vesicle Recycling Using FM Dyes During Evoked, Spontaneous, and Miniature Synaptic Activities
08:10

Examination of Synaptic Vesicle Recycling Using FM Dyes During Evoked, Spontaneous, and Miniature Synaptic Activities

Published on: March 31, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Synaptic vesicles are crucial for neurotransmitter release, existing in distinct functional pools: recycling and resting.
  • Previous understanding suggested location or cytoskeletal association explained pool differences, not molecular composition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular composition of synaptic vesicle pools.
  • To explore the role of VAMP7 in synaptic vesicle function and release.
  • To characterize the mechanisms of endocytosis for different vesicle pools.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized immunofluorescence and biochemical assays to analyze synaptic vesicle protein distribution.
  • Investigated the functional impact of VAMP7, particularly its longin domain, on neurotransmitter release.
  • Examined differences in endocytic pathways following evoked and spontaneous release events.

Main Results:

  • Vesicle-associated membrane protein 7 (VAMP7) shows differential distribution between resting and recycling synaptic vesicle pools.
  • Both vesicle pools exhibit spontaneous neurotransmitter release.
  • VAMP7, upon activation, influences release properties, and distinct endocytic mechanisms generate vesicles with specific protein compositions.

Conclusions:

  • Synaptic vesicles differ in molecular makeup, challenging the notion of uniform composition.
  • VAMP7's unique localization provides evidence for distinct vesicle pool identities.
  • Divergent endocytic pathways generate specialized synaptic vesicles, impacting their functional properties and neurotransmitter release.