Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis
10:27

Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis

Published on: December 15, 2011

[Case report: allergy to cow's milk protein]

Ana Muñoz Urribarri1, Alex Delgado Godos, Raúl Castillo Durán

  • 1Gastroenterólogo Pediatra, Unidad de Gastropediatría, Servicio de Pediatría Especializada. Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins. Lima – Perú.

Revista De Gastroenterologia Del Peru : Organo Oficial De La Sociedad De Gastroenterologia Del Peru
|August 13, 2011
PubMed

Insights

Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) in infants can mimic infections. Prompt diagnosis and switching to an amino acid formula are crucial for recovery from severe CMPA, as shown in two infant cases.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Allergy and Immunology

Background:

  • Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is a common concern in infants.
  • Casein-based formulas are frequent triggers for CMPA.
  • CMPA can present with gastrointestinal symptoms that may be misdiagnosed as infections.

Observation:

  • Two infants presented with severe gastrointestinal distress, including diarrhea, vomiting, and failure to thrive, attributed to CMPA.
  • Initial treatments, including antibiotics and lactose-free formulas, were ineffective.
  • Diagnostic evaluations revealed duodenal atrophy and immunological markers consistent with severe CMPA.

Findings:

  • One infant experienced symptom resolution and growth resumption within 48 hours of switching to an amino acid-based formula.
  • The second infant showed good tolerance and resolution of edema with a casein hydrolysate formula, with mucosal regeneration observed later.
  • Amino acid-based formulas demonstrated rapid efficacy in resolving severe CMPA symptoms and restoring gut health.

Implications:

  • Early and accurate diagnosis of CMPA is critical for preventing severe complications and ensuring positive outcomes.
  • Amino acid-based formulas are a viable and effective option for managing severe CMPA when hydrolysate formulas are insufficient.
  • Distinguishing CMPA from infectious enteritis is essential for appropriate infant nutrition and management.
Abstract

More Related Videos

A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts07:50

A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts

Published on: September 20, 2018

Application of Biochip Microfluidic Technology to Detect Serum Allergen-specific Immunoglobulin E (sIgE)07:10

Application of Biochip Microfluidic Technology to Detect Serum Allergen-specific Immunoglobulin E (sIgE)

Published on: April 21, 2019

Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

Overview
Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...
Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...