Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 30, 2026
09:45
Accessing Valuable Ligand Supports for Transition Metals: A Modified, Intermediate Scale Preparation of 1,2,3,4,5-Pentamethylcyclopentadiene
Published on: March 20, 2017
Bis(1-methyl-piperazine-1,4-diium) tetra-chloridocuprate(II).
1Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, People's Republic of China.
Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|August 13, 2011
Summary
This study synthesized a novel copper(II) chloride complex with 1-methyl-piperazine. The crystal structure reveals a 2D network formed by hydrogen bonds between the protonated amine and the tetrachlorocuprate anion.
Area of Science:
- Inorganic Chemistry
- Crystal Engineering
- Coordination Chemistry
Background:
- 1-methyl-piperazine is a cyclic diamine with potential applications in coordination chemistry.
- Copper(II) chloride complexes are known for diverse structural motifs and properties.
- Hydrothermal synthesis offers a route to crystalline materials under controlled conditions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To synthesize and characterize a novel coordination compound of copper(II) chloride with 1-methyl-piperazine.
- To investigate the crystal structure and intermolecular interactions of the synthesized complex.
- To explore the potential of this compound in crystal engineering.
Main Methods:
- Hydrothermal reaction of copper(II) chloride with 1-methyl-piperazine in an acidic aqueous solution.
- Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
- Analysis of bond distances, angles, and hydrogen bonding interactions.
Main Results:
- The title compound, (C(5)H(14)N(2))[CuCl(4)], was successfully synthesized.
- The crystal structure features protonated 1-methyl-piperazine cations and a tetrahedral tetrachlorocuprate(II) anion.
- The piperazine ring adopts a chair conformation, and Cu-Cl bond lengths are typical for a tetrahedral geometry.
- Intermolecular N-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds form a two-dimensional network structure.
Conclusions:
- The synthesis yielded a novel copper(II) complex with a well-defined crystal structure.
- The hydrogen bonding network plays a crucial role in stabilizing the crystal lattice.
- This study contributes to the understanding of supramolecular assembly in metal-organic compounds.
More Related Videos
![Mizoroki-Heck Cross-coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-(phosphinetriyl)tripiperidine]}palladium Under Mild Reaction Conditions](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcloudfront.jove.com%2FCDNSource%2Fteasers%2F51444.jpg&w=3840&q=50)
11:44Mizoroki-Heck Cross-coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-(phosphinetriyl)tripiperidine]}palladium Under Mild Reaction Conditions
Published on: March 20, 2014
08:46Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of Phosphorus(I)
Published on: November 22, 2016
Related Concept Videos
02:54Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature
In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...
02:42Valence Bond Theory
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
02:57Coordination Number and Geometry
For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
02:34Structural Isomerism
Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can be...
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can be...
02:52Stereoisomerism
Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...
03:02Colors and Magnetism
Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.