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Related Concept Videos

Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols02:23

Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols

Overview
Alcohols are one of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry. The name of alcohol comes from the hydrocarbon from which it is derived. Alcohols are organic molecules containing the functional hydroxyl or –OH group directly bonded to carbon. Phenols have an OH group directly attached to a benzene ring. While alcohols are colorless, phenol is a white crystalline compound with a characteristic "hospital smell" odor.
As with other organic compounds, alcohols and phenols...
Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols02:36

Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols

Like water, alcohols are weak acids and bases. This is attributed to the polarization of the O–H bond making the hydrogen partially positive. Moreover, the electron pairs on the oxygen atom of alcohol make it both basic and nucleophilic. Protonation of an alcohol converts hydroxide, a poor leaving group, into water—a good one. The two acid–base equilibria corresponding to ethanol are depicted below.
Organic Compounds03:02

Organic Compounds

All living things are formed mostly of carbon compounds called organic compounds. The category of organic compounds includes both natural and synthetic compounds that contain carbon. Although a single, precise definition has yet to be identified by the chemistry community, most agree that a defining trait of organic molecules is the presence of carbon as the principal element, bonded to hydrogen and other carbon atoms. However, some carbon-containing compounds such as carbonates, cyanides, and...
Preparation of Diols and Pinacol Rearrangement01:57

Preparation of Diols and Pinacol Rearrangement

Compounds bearing two hydroxyl groups are known as diols. When the hydroxyl groups are located on adjacent carbon atoms, the diols are called vicinal diols or glycols. Under acidic conditions, vicinal diols undergo a specific reaction called pinacol rearrangement.
The reaction begins with transferring a proton from the acid catalyst to one of the hydroxyl groups, producing an oxonium ion.
Physical Properties of Alcohols and Phenols02:32

Physical Properties of Alcohols and Phenols

Alcohols are organic compounds in which a hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon. Phenols are a class of alcohols containing a hydroxy group attached to an aromatic ring. The physical properties of the alcohols and phenols are influenced by hydrogen bonding due to the oxygen–hydrogen dipole in the hydroxy functional group and dispersion forces between alkyl or aryl regions of alcohol and phenol molecules.
Alcohols possess a higher boiling point than aliphatic hydrocarbons of similar...
Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Acid Halides, Esters, and Acid Anhydrides01:16

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Acid Halides, Esters, and Acid Anhydrides

Naming Acid Halides
The IUPAC and common names of acid halides are derived from the corresponding carboxylic acids, by changing “ic acid” to “yl halide.” For example, as shown below, the IUPAC name ethanoyl chloride is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetyl chloride, is obtained from acetic acid.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

A Strategy for Sensitive, Large Scale Quantitative Metabolomics
14:18

A Strategy for Sensitive, Large Scale Quantitative Metabolomics

Published on: May 27, 2014

5-Amino-pentan-1-ol.

Richard Betz1, Thomas Gerber, Henk Schalekamp

  • 1Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Summerstrand Campus, Department of Chemistry, University Way, Summerstrand, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|August 13, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study characterizes an aliphatic amino-alcohol, C(5)H(13)NO, detailing its molecular structure and crystal packing. The compound forms a 3D network through hydrogen bonding in its solid state.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

A Strategy for Sensitive, Large Scale Quantitative Metabolomics
14:18

A Strategy for Sensitive, Large Scale Quantitative Metabolomics

Published on: May 27, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Chemical Crystallography
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Molecular Structure

Background:

  • Aliphatic amino-alcohols are versatile organic compounds with diverse applications.
  • Understanding the solid-state structure of such molecules is crucial for predicting their physical and chemical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the crystal structure and intermolecular interactions of the aliphatic amino-alcohol C(5)H(13)NO.
  • To analyze the molecular conformation and hydrogen bonding network in the solid state.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
  • Analysis of the crystal structure involved identifying non-hydrogen atom planarity and hydrogen bond geometries.

Main Results:

  • The compound C(5)H(13)NO, an aliphatic amino-alcohol, exhibits near planarity of its non-hydrogen atoms.
  • A three-dimensional network is formed in the crystal lattice through intermolecular O-H⋯N and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides detailed structural information on C(5)H(13)NO, highlighting the role of hydrogen bonding in its crystal packing.
  • The findings contribute to the understanding of structure-property relationships in aliphatic amino-alcohols.