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Related Concept Videos

Stem Cell Culture01:17

Stem Cell Culture

Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...
Maintenance of the ES Cell State01:14

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...

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Updated: May 30, 2026

Protocol for Human Blastoids Modeling Blastocyst Development and Implantation
12:09

Protocol for Human Blastoids Modeling Blastocyst Development and Implantation

Published on: August 10, 2022

Stem cell policy exceptionalism: proceed with caution.

Geoffrey P Lomax1, Steven R Peckman

  • 1California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 210 King Street, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA. Glomax@cirm.ca.gov

Stem Cell Reviews and Reports
|August 13, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stem cell exceptionalism policies address human embryonic stem cell research. Established frameworks can manage ethical issues in induced pluripotent stem cell research, including when it involves human embryos.

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Enrichment and Purging of Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Detection of Cell Surface Antigens Using the Monoclonal Antibodies TG30 and GCTM-2
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Enrichment and Purging of Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Detection of Cell Surface Antigens Using the Monoclonal Antibodies TG30 and GCTM-2

Published on: December 6, 2013

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Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Protocol for Human Blastoids Modeling Blastocyst Development and Implantation
12:09

Protocol for Human Blastoids Modeling Blastocyst Development and Implantation

Published on: August 10, 2022

Enrichment and Purging of Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Detection of Cell Surface Antigens Using the Monoclonal Antibodies TG30 and GCTM-2
12:43

Enrichment and Purging of Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Detection of Cell Surface Antigens Using the Monoclonal Antibodies TG30 and GCTM-2

Published on: December 6, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Ethics
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Regulatory Science

Background:

  • The concept of "stem cell exceptionalism" has shaped policies for human embryonic stem cell (hESC) research.
  • Existing regulations and guidelines address the derivation and utilization of hESC lines.
  • Recent discussions question if induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) necessitate new ethical and policy interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the ethical and policy implications of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
  • To determine if existing policy frameworks are adequate for iPSC research.
  • To assess the intersection of iPSC research with human embryonic stem cell (hESC) research policies.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of existing policy frameworks for human stem cell research.
  • Review of ethical considerations for human tissue and research subject participation.
  • Comparative assessment of policy needs for hESCs versus iPSCs.

Main Results:

  • Many ethical and policy issues raised by iPSCs can be managed using established guidelines for tissue use and human subject research.
  • The existing policy framework for hESC research is deemed sufficiently robust to address iPSC research that involves the creation of human gametes or embryos.
  • No immediate need for entirely new policy interventions for most iPSC research is identified.

Conclusions:

  • Established regulatory and ethical frameworks are largely applicable to induced pluripotent stem cell research.
  • Policy "exceptionalism" for stem cells may not be necessary for emerging technologies like iPSCs.
  • Existing policies governing human embryonic stem cell research provide a robust foundation for related iPSC research.