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Related Concept Videos

NMR Spectrometers: Overview01:20

NMR Spectrometers: Overview

NMR spectrometers consist of a strong magnet, a radiofrequency transmitter, and a detector attached to a computer console for recording spectra of samples containing NMR-active nuclei. In first-generation NMR instruments called continuous-wave spectrometers, the resonance frequencies of the nuclei are determined by frequency-sweep or field-sweep methods. The magnetic field strength is fixed and the rf signal is swept in the former, while the radiofrequency signal is fixed and the magnetic field...
¹H NMR Signal Multiplicity: Splitting Patterns01:13

¹H NMR Signal Multiplicity: Splitting Patterns

When protons A and X are coupled, their nuclear spin energy levels are slightly modified. This is because the energy required to excite proton A to a spin state parallel to proton X is slightly different from the energy required for it to become anti-parallel to spin X. Consequently, there are two possible excitation frequencies for A (A1 and A2), depending on the spin state of X, and vice versa. The mutual nature of coupling implies that the difference between frequencies A1 and A2, indicated...
Interpreting ¹H NMR Signal Splitting: The (n + 1) Rule01:10

Interpreting ¹H NMR Signal Splitting: The (n + 1) Rule

In the AX proton spin system, proton A can sense the two spin states of a coupled proton X, resulting in a doublet NMR signal with two peaks of equal (1:1) intensity. When proton A is coupled to two equivalent protons (AX2 spin system), the spin states of each X can be aligned with or against the external field, creating three possible scenarios. This results in a 1:2:1  triplet signal, where the central peak corresponds to the chemical shift of A and is twice as large or intense as the others.
NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences01:17

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
Applications Of NMR In Biology01:25

Applications Of NMR In Biology

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a very valuable analytical technique for researchers. It has been used for more than 50 years as an analytical tool. F. Bloch and E. Purcell formulated NMR in 1946 and won the 1952 Nobel Prize in Physics  for their work. Biological macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and organic molecules including pharmaceutical compounds, can be studied using this versatile tool that exploits the magnetic properties of certain nuclei.
The...
Two-Dimensional (2D) NMR: Overview01:12

Two-Dimensional (2D) NMR: Overview

The 1D NMR spectrum of large and complex molecules like natural products has complicated splitting patterns and overlapping signals, which can be easily interpreted using 2-dimensional (2D) NMR. Unlike 1D NMR, 2D NMR has two frequency axes that provide the coupling information between the nucleus A and nucleus B in a molecule. The process from which 2D spectra are obtained has four steps.
The first step is the preparation period, during which nucleus A is excited with a radiofrequency pulse.

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Updated: May 30, 2026

Simultaneous Data Collection of fMRI and fNIRS Measurements Using a Whole-Head Optode Array and Short-Distance Channels
08:19

Simultaneous Data Collection of fMRI and fNIRS Measurements Using a Whole-Head Optode Array and Short-Distance Channels

Published on: October 20, 2023

NMR with multiple receivers.

Eriks Kupče1

  • 1Agilent Technologies, NMR and MRI Systems, Yarnton, Oxford, OX5 1QU, UK, eriks.kupce@agilent.com.

Topics in Current Chemistry
|August 13, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Parallel acquisition NMR spectroscopy (PANSY) enables simultaneous detection of multiple nuclear species. This advanced technique, including PANACEA, enhances structure determination for small molecules and biomolecules, providing richer data from single measurements.

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Conventional NMR spectroscopy typically uses a single receiver, limiting the amount of information obtainable per measurement.
  • The advent of multi-receiver NMR systems has opened avenues for more efficient data acquisition.
  • Adapting established pulse sequences for parallel acquisition is crucial for leveraging multi-receiver technology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and detail Parallel Acquisition NMR Spectroscopy (PANSY) and its applications.
  • To highlight the capabilities of novel NMR experiments like PANACEA for structure determination.
  • To demonstrate the advantages of multi-receiver NMR for both small molecule and biomolecular analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Adaptation of standard NMR pulse sequences (COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, HMQC, HMBC) for parallel acquisition.
  • Development and application of the PANACEA scheme for unambiguous structure determination.
  • Simultaneous recording of H-1 and C-13 detected multi-dimensional spectra for biomolecules.
  • Integration of multi-receiver experiments with fast acquisition techniques.

Main Results:

  • PANSY allows simultaneous detection of signals from up to four nuclear species (e.g., H-1, C-13, N-15, F-19).
  • The PANACEA scheme enables unambiguous structure determination of small organic molecules in a single measurement, without a conventional lock system.
  • Long-range couplings from PANACEA spectra aid in 3D structure refinement.
  • Simultaneous recording of 2D and 3D spectra is feasible for proteins up to 30 kDa.
  • Multi-receiver experiments yield significantly more information compared to single-receiver techniques.

Conclusions:

  • Parallel acquisition NMR spectroscopy offers a powerful approach for enhanced structural elucidation.
  • Multi-receiver systems significantly increase the information content derived from NMR experiments.
  • PANSY and related techniques represent a substantial advancement in NMR methodology for diverse chemical and biological applications.