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Related Concept Videos

Tuberculosis01:23

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, primarily targeting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission. Infection begins when aerosolized droplet nuclei, expelled by an individual with active TB, are inhaled by another person. These microscopic particles carry Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. Upon reaching the alveoli, the bacilli are engulfed by alveolar macrophages. However, due to their specialized lipid-rich cell wall, these pathogens...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue

Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
Homeostatic Imbalances:
Alzheimer's disease manifests as a gradual decline in memory and cognitive abilities, attributed to the buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
Parkinson's disease arises from the...

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Updated: May 30, 2026

Listeria monocytogenes Infection of the Brain
05:02

Listeria monocytogenes Infection of the Brain

Published on: October 2, 2018

[Tuberculosis infection in the nervous system].

Yutaka Suzuki1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Nihon University Nerima Hikarigaoka Hospital.

Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
|August 16, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a severe nervous system infection requiring prompt suspicion and empirical treatment. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to reduce high mortality and sequelae associated with this form of tuberculosis.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Context:

  • Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) represents a severe manifestation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis affecting the central nervous system.
  • Clinical presentation includes subacute symptoms like headache, vomiting, fever, and anorexia, warranting suspicion.

Purpose:

  • To outline the diagnostic criteria and management strategies for tuberculous meningitis.
  • To emphasize the importance of early empirical treatment in suspected TBM cases.

Summary:

  • Diagnosis relies on clinical presentation, cerebrospinal fluid analysis (elevated protein, low glucose, mononuclear pleocytosis), and microbiological tests (smear, culture, PCR).
  • Current treatment guidelines recommend a multi-drug regimen including isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol, followed by a longer continuation phase with isoniazid and rifampicin.

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Listeria monocytogenes Infection of the Brain
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Listeria monocytogenes Infection of the Brain

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Intradermal Inoculation of Mycobacterium avium in the Mouse Ear

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  • Adjunctive corticosteroid therapy is advised.

    • Impact:

    • Delayed or absent treatment leads to high mortality and significant neurological sequelae.
    • Prompt initiation of empirical anti-tuberculosis therapy is critical for improving patient outcomes.
    • Adherence to established treatment guidelines can mitigate the severe consequences of TBM.