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Assessment of the Metabolic Effects of Isocaloric 2:1 Intermittent Fasting in Mice
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Published on: November 27, 2019

Caloric restriction.

John R Speakman1, Sharon E Mitchell

  • 1Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK. J.Speakman@abdn.ac.uk

Molecular Aspects of Medicine
|August 16, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Caloric restriction (CR) extends lifespan and improves health in animals by reducing age-related diseases. Research explores mimicking CR

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and aging research.
  • Metabolic and molecular biology.
  • Comparative physiology.

Background:

  • Caloric restriction (CR) has been practiced for over 500 years to enhance longevity and healthspan.
  • Extensive animal studies demonstrate CR's life-extending effects, particularly in rodents, and its impact on age-related diseases.
  • The disposable soma theory proposes CR as a survival response to food scarcity, though some aspects may be linked to domestication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted effects of caloric restriction (CR) on aging and age-related diseases.
  • To explore the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying CR's benefits, including key signaling pathways.
  • To assess the translatability of CR effects to humans and the potential for pharmacological mimetics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental data on CR in rodents, non-human primates, and humans.
  • Analysis of physiological and behavioral changes associated with CR, including metabolic rate, body composition, and hormonal profiles.
  • Examination of molecular pathways implicated in CR, such as IGF-1/insulin, sirtuin, AMPK, and TOR signaling.

Main Results:

  • CR significantly extends lifespan and reduces the incidence of cancer, neurodegeneration, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular disease, and type II diabetes.
  • CR induces widespread physiological changes, including weight loss, altered activity patterns, decreased body temperature, reduced circulating insulin/glucose, and a shift to fat metabolism.
  • Key molecular pathways (IGF-1/insulin, sirtuin, AMPK, TOR) are involved, mediating effects like reduced oxidative stress and enhanced autophagy.

Conclusions:

  • Caloric restriction (CR) offers substantial benefits for healthspan and lifespan across species, with promising but limited human data.
  • Understanding CR's molecular pathways is crucial for developing pharmacological interventions to mimic its effects.
  • Challenges remain in replicating CR's benefits without its associated side effects (e.g., hunger, reduced body temperature) and in drug development and licensing.