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Detecting Pre-Stimulus Source-Level Effects on Object Perception with Magnetoencephalography
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Visual awareness suppression by pre-stimulus brain stimulation; a neural effect.

Christianne Jacobs1, Rainer Goebel, Alexander T Sack

  • 1Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, The Netherlands. christianne.jacobs@maastrichtuniversity.nl

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Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the early visual cortex (EVC) suppresses visual awareness. This study confirms TMS effects occur both before and after visual stimulus presentation, suggesting a neural origin.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) non-invasively probes brain function.
  • Early visual cortex (EVC) is crucial for visual awareness.
  • Previous studies show post-stimulus TMS over EVC impairs visual awareness, but pre-stimulus effects are debated, often attributed to artifacts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the temporal dynamics of TMS effects on visual awareness.
  • To determine if pre-stimulus TMS over EVC impacts visual discrimination performance and subjective visibility.
  • To differentiate neural TMS effects from potential artifacts like eye blinks.

Main Methods:

  • Chronometric TMS applied to EVC across a wide time range (-80 to 300 ms relative to stimulus onset).
  • Visual discrimination task measuring objective performance and subjective visibility.
  • Electrooculography (EoG), sham TMS, and vertex TMS used as controls.

Main Results:

  • TMS induced masking effects on both visual discrimination performance and visibility for both pre- and post-stimulus time windows.
  • These effects persisted even after removing trials with eye blinks.
  • Pre-stimulus TMS suppression of visual awareness appears to have a neural origin.

Conclusions:

  • TMS over EVC affects visual awareness irrespective of whether it's applied before or after stimulus onset.
  • The pre-stimulus TMS effect on visual awareness is likely neural, not artifactual.
  • Pre-stimulus TMS may create a neural state that influences subsequent visual processing.