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Disorders of Leukocytes

Disorders of Leukocytes

Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
Leukopenia may result from bone marrow disorders, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. For example, conditions such as multiple myeloma and aplastic anemia can impair the bone marrow's ability to produce adequate leukocytes. Similarly, autoimmune diseases like lupus and viral infections such as HIV can prompt the immune system...

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues

Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
Lymphoid cells consist of various types of immune system cells. These include B and T lymphocytes, which are responsible for producing antibodies and killing infected cells, respectively. Dendritic cells act as messengers between the innate and adaptive...

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...

Primary Lymphoid Organs

Primary Lymphoid Organs

Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...

Functions of the Lymphatic and Immune System

Functions of the Lymphatic and Immune System

The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in bolstering our immune system. It consists of a network of lymphoid organs, lymph, and lymphatic vessels that provide structural and functional support in safeguarding the body against pathogens such as viruses and bacteria.
The primary lymphoid organs, including the bone marrow and the thymus, serve as the maturation sites for lymphocytes. Secondary lymphoid organs, like the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, activate these lymphocytes and serve as...

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Updated: May 30, 2026

An Efficient and Simple Method to Establish NK and T Cell Lines from Patients with Chronic Active Epstein-Barr Virus Infection

An Efficient and Simple Method to Establish NK and T Cell Lines from Patients with Chronic Active Epstein-Barr Virus Infection

Published on: March 30, 2018

Infectious agents and lymphoma.

Giulia De Falco¹, Emily A Rogena, Lorenzo Leoncini

¹Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.

Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology

|August 17, 2011

Summary

Infectious agents, particularly viruses, are linked to up to 20% of human cancers, including lymphomas. This review explores how these agents disrupt cell regulation, leading to cancer development.

Area of Science:

Oncology
Virology
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Infectious agents, especially viruses, play a significant role in human cancer development.
Up to 20% of all cancers are attributed to infectious agents, with some showing geographic endemicity.
Lymphomas frequently arise in conjunction with specific infectious agents like Epstein-Barr virus and Helicobacter pylori.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the association between infectious agents and lymphomas.
To examine the molecular mechanisms by which infectious agents induce cancer.
To understand how viral-driven transformation models basic cellular processes in cancer genesis.

Main Methods:

Literature review focusing on oncogenic infectious agents and lymphomas.

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Isolation and Quantification of Epstein-Barr Virus from the P3HR1 Cell Line

Isolation and Quantification of Epstein-Barr Virus from the P3HR1 Cell Line

Published on: September 28, 2022

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Last Updated: May 30, 2026

An Efficient and Simple Method to Establish NK and T Cell Lines from Patients with Chronic Active Epstein-Barr Virus Infection

An Efficient and Simple Method to Establish NK and T Cell Lines from Patients with Chronic Active Epstein-Barr Virus Infection

Published on: March 30, 2018

Isolation and Quantification of Epstein-Barr Virus from the P3HR1 Cell Line

Isolation and Quantification of Epstein-Barr Virus from the P3HR1 Cell Line

Published on: September 28, 2022

Analysis of molecular mechanisms underlying viral-induced cell transformation.

Examination of epidemiological data on infectious agents and cancer incidence.

Main Results:

Infectious agents are implicated in a substantial proportion of human cancers, including various lymphomas.
Specific viruses and bacteria (e.g., Epstein-Barr virus, Helicobacter pylori) are strongly associated with lymphoma development.
Molecular mimicry between viral transformation and cellular carcinogenesis provides insights into cancer genesis.

Conclusions:

Infectious agents are critical drivers of certain human cancers, particularly lymphomas.
Understanding the molecular pathways of infectious agents is key to cancer prevention and treatment.
Further research into oncogenic infectious agents can illuminate fundamental cancer processes.