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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Epilepsy ll: Types01:22

Epilepsy ll: Types

Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for their...
Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists

Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Electroconvulsive Seizures in Rats and Fractionation of Their Hippocampi to Examine Seizure-induced Changes in Postsynaptic Density Proteins
09:07

Electroconvulsive Seizures in Rats and Fractionation of Their Hippocampi to Examine Seizure-induced Changes in Postsynaptic Density Proteins

Published on: August 15, 2017

Cell signaling underlying epileptic behavior.

Yuri Bozzi1, Mark Dunleavy, David C Henshall

  • 1Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento Trento, Italy.

Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience
|August 20, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores intracellular signaling pathways in epilepsy, focusing on how neurotransmitters trigger seizures and lead to long-term changes. Understanding these pathways is key to finding new epilepsy treatments.

Keywords:
ERKFosactivity-dependent transcriptionapoptosishippocampusseizure

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Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Electroconvulsive Seizures in Rats and Fractionation of Their Hippocampi to Examine Seizure-induced Changes in Postsynaptic Density Proteins
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Electrophoretic Delivery of &#x3B3;-aminobutyric Acid (GABA) into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice
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Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid (GABA) into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice

Published on: May 16, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Epilepsy Research

Background:

  • Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
  • Seizure outcomes depend on affected brain regions.
  • Intracellular signaling pathways are critical in seizure generation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review intracellular signaling pathways involved in seizure generation.
  • To discuss pathways activated by modulatory neurotransmitters and their role in acute seizures.
  • To examine the contribution of apoptosis-associated pathways to epilepsy progression.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on intracellular signaling in epilepsy.
  • Discussion of pathways involving neurotransmitters (dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin).
  • Focus on extracellular-regulated kinases and immediate early genes (IEGs).

Main Results:

  • Modulatory neurotransmitter pathways, including ERK and IEG induction, are linked to acute seizures.
  • IEG activation may mediate long-term molecular and behavioral changes post-seizure.
  • Apoptosis-associated signaling pathways contribute to epilepsy progression.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding signaling pathways is crucial for unraveling epilepsy origins.
  • Identifying these pathways can lead to novel therapeutic targets for epilepsy.
  • Further research into acute and long-term seizure responses is essential.