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Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
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Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...
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Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
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Investigating the Pathogenesis of MYH7 Mutation Gly823Glu in Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy using a Mouse Model
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Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Syed Wamique Yusuf1, Jaya D Bathina, Jose Banchs

  • 1Syed Wamique Yusuf, Jaya D Bathina, Jose Banchs, Elie N Mouhayar, Iyad N Daher, Department of Cardiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States.

World Journal of Cardiology
|August 24, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (AHCM) can be asymptomatic but may lead to cardiac arrhythmias. Early diagnosis via echocardiography and advanced imaging, alongside appropriate medical or device therapy, is crucial for managing this rare condition.

Keywords:
Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathyElectrocardiogram

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (AHCM) is a rare variant of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy affecting the left ventricular apex.
  • It can present asymptomatically or with diverse cardiac symptoms including arrhythmias and heart failure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a case of asymptomatic AHCM progressing to cardiac arrhythmias.
  • To review diagnostic modalities, differential diagnoses, and treatment options for AHCM.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a patient with AHCM.
  • Review of diagnostic tools: electrocardiogram (ECG), transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE), cardiac MRI, CT, and left ventriculography.
  • Discussion of pharmacologic and device-based treatments.

Main Results:

  • The patient initially asymptomatic, later developed cardiac arrhythmias.
  • Classic ECG findings include giant negative T-waves and left ventricular hypertrophy.
  • TTE is the initial diagnostic tool, revealing apical hypertrophy; advanced imaging aids in differential diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • AHCM diagnosis requires a combination of clinical presentation and imaging.
  • Management involves risk stratification and tailored therapy, including medications and potentially an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for high-risk individuals.