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The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test (MSPT): An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

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Activation patterns in multiple sclerosis on the Computerized Tests of Information Processing.

A M Smith¹, L A S Walker, M S Freedman

¹School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada. asmith@uottawa.ca

Journal of the Neurological Sciences

|August 25, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Cognitively impaired multiple sclerosis (MS) patients show different brain activity during information processing speed (IPS) tasks compared to healthy individuals. These neurophysiological differences may underlie cognitive deficits in MS.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Psychology
Medical Imaging

Background:

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with cognitive deficits impacting quality of life.
The Relative Consequence Model posits information processing speed (IPS) deficits as a core issue in MS cognitive impairment.

Purpose of the Study:

To utilize functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to identify neurophysiological distinctions between MS patients and controls during an IPS task.
To investigate if the Computerized Test of Information Processing (CTIP) can reveal these differences.

Main Methods:

fMRI was employed to examine neural activation in 12 cognitively impaired MS patients and 12 matched controls.
Participants completed the CTIP, assessing reaction time (RT) and errors across simple RT, choice RT, and semantic search RT tasks of increasing cognitive load.

Main Results:

Both groups exhibited longer RTs with increased task complexity.
MS patients displayed longer RTs for choice RT tasks but similar error rates and performance patterns across tasks compared to controls.
fMRI revealed distinct activation patterns, including compensatory increases in prefrontal cortex and right temporal gyri, and decreased activity in left temporal gyri in MS patients during demanding tasks.

Conclusions:

Information processing speed (IPS) tasks, like the CTIP, are associated with significantly different neural activation patterns in MS patients compared to controls.
These findings highlight neurophysiological alterations in IPS in MS, potentially contributing to observed cognitive deficits.