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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
The Nucleolus02:55

The Nucleolus

The nucleolus is the most prominent substructure of the nucleus. When it was first discovered, it was considered to be an isolated organelle that forms fibrils and granules. In 1931, the relationship between the nucleolus and chromosomes was first described by Heitz. He observed that the appearance and size of nucleolus varies depending on the stage of the cell cycle. He also noticed constricted regions on different chromosomes clustered together at definite cell cycle stages. These regions,...
Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...

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Updated: May 29, 2026

In Vivo Inhibition of MicroRNA to Decrease Tumor Growth in Mice
07:02

In Vivo Inhibition of MicroRNA to Decrease Tumor Growth in Mice

Published on: August 23, 2019

MicroRNAs in thyroid cancer.

Albert de la Chapelle1, Krystian Jazdzewski

  • 1Human Cancer Genetics Program, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 804 Biomedical Research Tower, 460 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA. albert.delachapelle@osumc.edu

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
|August 26, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genetic and environmental factors influence papillary thyroid cancer risk. MicroRNAs, a type of noncoding RNA, are increasingly implicated as key players in thyroid cancer development and progression.

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Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
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Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

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Last Updated: May 29, 2026

In Vivo Inhibition of MicroRNA to Decrease Tumor Growth in Mice
07:02

In Vivo Inhibition of MicroRNA to Decrease Tumor Growth in Mice

Published on: August 23, 2019

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
05:39

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Published on: February 3, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Papillary thyroid cancer etiology involves complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors.
  • The precise roles of genetic predisposition and lifestyle influences in papillary thyroid cancer remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and evaluate the current understanding of microRNA involvement in thyroid cancer development.
  • To explore the hypothesis that altered microRNA expression is a significant mechanism in papillary thyroid cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and evaluation of original articles and reviews on microRNA and thyroid tumorigenesis.
  • Analysis of genetic factors, including gene mutations and polymorphisms, in papillary thyroid cancer.

Main Results:

  • Genetic predisposition involves common low-penetrance or rare high-penetrance mutations, potentially interacting with environmental factors.
  • A specific microRNA polymorphism (miR-146a) is associated with increased risk of thyroid carcinoma.
  • Multiple microRNAs regulate key signaling pathways (PTEN/PI3K/AKT, T3/THRB) crucial for thyroid carcinogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Noncoding RNA genes, particularly microRNAs, are likely major contributors to papillary thyroid cancer development.
  • Changes in microRNA expression represent a significant mechanism underlying thyroid carcinogenesis.
  • Further research into microRNA's role is essential for understanding and potentially treating papillary thyroid cancer.