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Related Concept Videos

Classical Mechanics01:12

Classical Mechanics

Classical mechanics provides a mathematical description of the motion of bodies under the influence of forces. A key principle within this field is the work-energy theorem, which establishes a bridge between the net work done on an object and its kinetic energy.The work-energy theorem states that the net work done on a particle by all the forces acting on it equals the change in its kinetic energy.In simple terms, the work-energy theorem is a method to analyze the effects of forces on an...
Carrier Transport01:21

Carrier Transport

The generation of electrical current in semiconductors is fundamentally driven by two mechanisms: drift and diffusion. These processes are essential for the functionality and performance of semiconductor-based devices.
Drift Current:
The drift of charge carriers is started by an external electric field (E). Charged particles, such as electrons and holes, experience an acceleration between collisions with lattice atoms. For electrons, this results in a drift velocity (vd) given by:
Divergence and Curl of Magnetic Field01:26

Divergence and Curl of Magnetic Field

The magnetic field due to a volume current distribution given by the Biot–Savart Law can be expressed as follows:
Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions01:28

Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions

An electric field suffers a discontinuity at a surface charge. Similarly, a magnetic field is discontinuous at a surface current. The perpendicular component of a magnetic field is continuous across the interface of two magnetic mediums. In contrast, its parallel component, perpendicular to the current, is discontinuous by the amount equal to the product of the vacuum permeability and the surface current. Like the scalar potential in electrostatics, the vector potential is also continuous...
Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges01:23

Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges

A stationary charge creates and interacts with the electric field, while a moving charge creates a magnetic field.
Consider a point charge moving with a constant velocity. Like the electric field, the magnetic field at any point is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charge and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the source point and the field point. However, unlike the electric field, the magnetic field is always perpendicular to the plane containing the line...
Kinetic Theory of an Ideal Gas01:12

Kinetic Theory of an Ideal Gas

A mole is defined as the amount of any substance that contains as many molecules as there are atoms in exactly 12 grams of carbon-12. An Italian scientist Amedeo Avogadro (1776–1856) formed the  hypothesis that equal volumes of gas at equal pressure and temperature contain equal numbers of molecules, independent of the type of gas. Later, the hypothesis was developed to form the SI unit for measuring the amount of any substance.
The number of molecules in one mole is called Avogadro's number...

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Magnetically Induced Rotating Rayleigh-Taylor Instability
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Thermal Casimir drag in fluctuating classical fields.

Vincent Démery1, David S Dean

  • 1Université de Toulouse, UPS, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, IRSAMC, F-31062 Toulouse, France.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|August 27, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A moving object suppressing field fluctuations experiences a drag force dependent on field dynamics. This friction, often simplified by short-distance fluctuations, is relevant for proteins interacting with polymers or membranes.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Classical thermally excited fields exhibit fluctuations.
  • Moving objects can interact with and influence these fields.
  • Understanding such interactions is key in soft matter and biophysics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the drag force on a uniformly moving inclusion within a classical thermally excited field.
  • To analyze the dependence of this drag force on the field's dynamics.
  • To explore the role of short-distance fluctuations in determining the friction coefficient.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of a uniformly moving inclusion.
  • Modeling the suppression of local field fluctuations.
  • Investigating the contribution of short-distance fluctuations to the friction coefficient.

Main Results:

  • A drag force is experienced by the inclusion, dependent on the field dynamics.
  • In many cases, the linear friction coefficient is dominated by short-distance fluctuations.
  • The friction coefficient can take a simple form under specific conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The dynamics of a classical thermally excited field significantly influence the drag force on a moving inclusion.
  • Short-distance fluctuations play a crucial role in simplifying the friction coefficient.
  • This phenomenon is applicable to systems like proteins interacting with polymers and membranes.