Changing the structure of complex visuo-motor sequences selectively activates the fronto-parietal network

Previous brain imaging studies investigating motor sequence complexity have mainly examined the effect of increasing the length of pre-learned sequences. The novel contribution of this research is that we varied the structure of complex visuo-motor sequences along two different dimensions using mxn paradigm. The complexity of sequences is increased from 12 movements (organized as a 2×6 task) to 24 movements (organized as 4×6 and 2×12 tasks). Behavioral results indicate that although the success rate attained was similar across the two complex tasks (2×12 and 4×6), a greater decrease in response times was observed for the 2×12 compared to the 4×6 condition at an intermediate learning stage. This decrease is possibly related to successful chunking across sets in the 2×12 task. In line with this, we observed a selective activation of the fronto-parietal network. Shifts of activation were observed from the ventral to dorsal prefrontal, lateral to medial premotor and inferior to superior parietal cortex from the early to intermediate learning stage concomitant with an increase in hyperset length. We suggest that these selective activations and shifts in activity during complex sequence learning are possibly related to chunking of motor sequences.