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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send blood...
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation

Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Implantation of Total Artificial Heart in Congenital Heart Disease
07:27

Implantation of Total Artificial Heart in Congenital Heart Disease

Published on: July 18, 2014

Heart failure.

Robert Samuel McKelvie1

  • 1McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.

BMJ Clinical Evidence
|September 1, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This systematic review examines various heart failure treatments, including medications, devices, and multidisciplinary interventions. Evidence supports the effectiveness and safety of numerous therapies for improving patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Evidence-Based Medicine
  • Systematic Reviews

Background:

  • Heart failure affects 3-4% of adults over 65, often due to coronary artery disease or hypertension.
  • It causes significant morbidity, including breathlessness, effort intolerance, and increased mortality.
  • Systolic heart failure carries a high 5-year mortality rate (25-75%), frequently due to ventricular arrhythmias.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the effects of multidisciplinary interventions for heart failure.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of exercise, drug treatments, devices, and coronary revascularization in heart failure management.
  • To assess treatments for diastolic heart failure and for individuals at high risk of developing heart failure.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a systematic review of 80 studies, including systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and observational studies.

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Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
09:20

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Published on: February 13, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Implantation of Total Artificial Heart in Congenital Heart Disease
07:27

Implantation of Total Artificial Heart in Congenital Heart Disease

Published on: July 18, 2014

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
09:20

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Published on: February 13, 2021

  • Searched major databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library) up to August 2010.
  • Included harms alerts from regulatory agencies like the FDA and MHRA.

    • Main Results:

    • Identified 80 studies meeting inclusion criteria for the systematic review.
    • Performed a GRADE evaluation to assess the quality of evidence for various interventions.
    • Compiled information on the effectiveness and safety of numerous heart failure treatments.

    Conclusions:

    • The review presents data on the effectiveness and safety of a wide range of interventions.
    • Included treatments encompass medications (e.g., ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers), devices (e.g., CRT, ICDs), and lifestyle interventions (exercise).
    • Information is provided for aldosterone receptor antagonists, amiodarone, angiotensin II receptor blockers, anticoagulation, antiplatelet agents, and more.