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A Mouse Model of Orthopedic Surgery to Study Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction and Tissue Regeneration
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Perioperative cognitive decline in the aging population.

Niccolò Terrando1, Marek Brzezinski, Vincent Degos

  • 1Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, San Francisco, CA 94143-0648, USA.

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Elderly patients undergoing surgery may experience cognitive decline due to neurodegeneration. This article explores surgery and anesthesia

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neuroscience
  • Anesthesiology

Background:

  • Elderly patients frequently experience cognitive decline following acute illness or surgery.
  • Neurodegenerative processes like protein deposition and neuroinflammation contribute to surgery-induced cognitive decline.
  • An aging population increases the incidence of elderly surgical candidates with pre-existing neurodegeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the contributions of surgery and anesthesia to cognitive decline in aged patients.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms, diagnosis, risk factors, mitigation, and treatment of postoperative cognitive decline in the elderly.

Main Methods:

  • Review of a symposium convened at the University of California, San Francisco.
  • Discussion of pathophysiologic mechanisms in animal models and human patients.
  • Development of a roadmap for future research and clinical practice.

Main Results:

  • Surgery and anesthesia can exacerbate neurodegenerative processes, leading to postoperative cognitive decline.
  • Protein deposition and neuroinflammation are key mechanisms involved.
  • A comprehensive approach is needed to address this complex issue.

Conclusions:

  • Postoperative cognitive decline in the elderly is a significant concern, particularly in those with underlying neurodegeneration.
  • Further research is required to fully understand and manage this condition.
  • A multidisciplinary strategy is essential for diagnosis, risk assessment, and treatment.